"边缘之地":19世纪俄属加利福尼亚殖民地的兴衰及影响

Russian-American Company and California "Marginal Land" :The Rise and Fall of the Russian California Colony in the 19th Century and Its Influence

19世纪前半期,俄美公司以罗斯河流域为重点,在加利福尼亚进行了40余年的探险和征服运动。罗斯拓殖以狩猎、贸易和土地为目标,并依沙俄政策与地区形势的变化而调整。在国内外因素的综合作用下,俄美公司最终放弃这块“边缘之地”。罗斯殖民不仅是俄美公司商业扩张的自然延伸,同时作为引发北美西海岸国际秩序震荡的重要事件,展现出近代美洲太平洋殖民历史中商业扩张与政治角逐的辩证关系。而围绕“边缘之地”的经济开发与政治交涉,从某种程度上,正是加利福尼亚融入正在形成中的现代世界体系的生动体现。

The Russian-American Company is the first trade monopoly in modern Russia. In the first half of the 19 th century, the Russian-American Company explored and conquest California for more than 40 years. The rise and fall of the Fort Ross was the epitome of the ups and downs of the Russian colonial California.The Fort Ross posed a direct challenge to the Spanish-American empire, and the deadlock in the negotiations between Russia and the West on the Ross issue not only reflected the temperament of the Spanish empire, but also the influence of the colonial-level factors,such as the Russian America zone and California. The Russian government and the Russian-American Company finally gave up the "edge of the land"of Ross.It was also an important event in the modern European and American countries that continued to impact the Spanish American Empire. It demonstrated the dialectical relationship between commercial expansion and political competition in the colonial history of modern America. The economic development and political negotiation of the "edge land"were, to a certain extent, the vivid manifestation of California’s increasingly integrated into the emerging modern world system.