现代法治视域下习惯认定的标准研究

Study on the Standard of Custom Identification from the Perspective of Modern Rule of Law

在"打造共建共治共享的社会治理格局"的新目标下,习惯如何在现代法治视域下发挥规制社会的作用仍存在着盲区。通过对习惯的认定标准研究,有助于厘清现代法制视域下习惯的适用标准和现实面向。特别是在制定法国家,因为习惯发挥作用的空间较有限,只有在符合合法性的大前提下方可适用;而当立法滞后或存在法律空白时,遵循公序良俗的习惯可以帮助实现法律效果和社会效果的结合;同时,习惯自身具有一定的特殊性,是在长期社会实践中形成的行为模式和心理共识的表达,更容易得到公众的信服。但是,最终出现同案不同判的结果,其主要缘由就是特定社群和地区法制程度有差异,因而适用习惯还必须考虑社群性。只有合法的、正当的、符合心理认同的、考虑了社群差异的习惯,才能在多元共治的新形势下为各个个体组织提供矛盾解决的新原则和新办法。

Under the new goal of"creating a social governance pattern of co-construction,co-governance and sharing",there are still blind spots in how habits play a role in regulating society under the modern rule of law.Through the research on the identification standards of habits,it is helpful to clarify the applicable standards and practical effects of habit in the modern legal system.Especially in statutory countries,because the space for custom to play a role is relatively limited,it can only be applied under the premise of compliance with legality;When legislation is lagging or there is a legal gap,following the habit of public order and good customs can help achieve the combination of legal and social effects;Simultaneously,habit itself has a certain particularity,it is an expression of behavioral patterns and psychological consensus formed in long-term social practice,which is more likely to be convinced by the public.However,at the end the result of different judgments in the same case is mainly due to differences in the degree of legal system in specific communities and regions,so the application of customs must also consider the community.Only legal,legitimate,and psychologically-identified habits that take into account differences in communities can provide individual organizations with new principles and new methods for conflict resolution under the new situation of pluralistic co-governance.