仿生水下探测器试验研究

Experimental study on a bionic underwater detector

水下探测器广泛运用于海洋工程装备中,是船舶、潜艇等感知水下环境的主要设备。目前常用的传感器有着探测距离短、消耗功率高、信噪比不足等缺陷,应用受到较大限制。长期以来,仿生学研究为海洋工程装备的设计提供了大量的创新灵感。研究发现,海洋生物中的海豹在水下的捕食和避险等行为依赖于其胡须的特殊结构对水下环境进行感知。本文通过对海豹胡须结构的研究,仿制了海豹胡须型水下探测器,通过水槽试验验证了其水中目标探测能力。在试验中,针对角度、来流速度和探测目标位置等不同工况进行了研究,通过探测器收集到的信号的频谱分析,掌握了海豹胡须型探测器的工作规律。

Underwater detectors are widely used in marine engineering equipment,which have important functions such as sensing underwater environment for ships and submarines.The currently applied sensors are faced with restrictions such as short detection distances,high power consumption,and insufficient signal-to-noise ratio,by which their large-scale applications are limited.For a long time,bionics research has provided a lot of innovative inspiration for the design of marine engineering equipment.Researchers found that the predation and hedging behavior of harbor seals depends on the perception of the underwater environment by the special structure of their vibrissa.In this paper,through the study of the vibrissa structure,a vibrissashaped underwater detector was designed and manufactured,and its excellent underwater target detection capability was verified by experiments conducted in a water tunnel.In the experiment,different working conditions such as angle,incoming flow velocity and detection target position were studied.The spectrum analysis of the signal collected by the detector was used to master the working rules of the vibrissa-shaped detector.