商标使用行为法律构造的实质主义基于涉外贴牌加工商标侵权案的展开

Substantial Theory of Legal Structure of Trademark Use Based on Trademark Infringement Cases in Foreign-Related OEM

商标使用行为由形式要素与实质要素所构造,可以从形式与实质、价值与功能及主观与客观等多个维度进行界定,但商标立法的实质主义是其底色。商标使用行为的构成应以商标标识的识别性和商业使用的公开性为必要,以商标法效力范围为默示前提,并区分商标使用与商标标识使用。涉外贴牌加工商标侵权判断应当以构成商标使用为坐标,以商标法效力范围内的市场活动为事实依据,据此以不构成商标使用和商标侵权为原则和常规,构成商标使用和商标侵权为例外和补充,形成原则与例外并存互补和相互协调的定性格局,恰当地实现相关利益平衡。不构成商标使用和商标侵权的例外情形应当回归属人管辖和效果原则之法律轨道,并根据事实与价值,实现法律标准的明晰化和行为种类的类型化。

The use of trademark consists of formal and substantial elements,which can be defined from dimensions such as form and substance,value and function,subjectivity and objectivity,etc.However,the substantial theory in trademark legislation is the core.The identification of trademark signs and the publicity of commercial use shall be necessary for trademark use,and the scope of validity of trademark law shall be the implied precondition.In addition,trademark use and use of trademark signs shall be distinguished.The determination of trademark infringement in foreign-related OEM shall be based on trademark use as a coordinate,market activities within the scope of validity of the trademark law as a factual basis,and take non-trademark use or trademark infringement as a principle and regular basis,trademark use and trademark infringement as exceptions and supplements,so as to form a qualitative pattern in which principles and exceptions could complement each other and coordinate with each other,and to properly achieve the balance of interests.The exceptional cases that do not constitute trademark use or trademark infringement shall return to the legal track of the principle of ratione personae and“effect”rule,and achieve the clarity of legal standards and the categorization of behavior types in accordance with facts and values.