退休干部慢性病流行病学调查及健康管理需求相关因素研究

Epidemiological investigation of chronic diseases in retired cadres and related factors of needs for health management

目的调查退休干部慢性病流行病学情况,并分析影响健康管理需求的相关因素。方法对2018年1月-2019年1月在中共陕西省委机关门诊部行健康体检的120名退休干部予以慢性病流行病学调查,整理流行病学特征,并采取Logistic回归分析法分析其健康管理需求相关影响因素。结果120名退休干部中慢性病患病率为84.17%,1种疾病71.67%,合并2~3种疾病11.67%,合并4~5种疾病0.83%;心脑血管病发生率最高,且主要为高血压、高脂血症以及冠心病,其次为消化系统病,再次为内分泌系统病(糖尿病);60~70岁者慢性病发生率明显低于>70岁者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对健康管理无所谓组的家庭人均收入、文化程度、自我健康管理认知、健康关注度明显低于需要组,且慢性病≥2种、居住地为城市所占比例明显低于需要组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,家庭人均收入≤3000元/月、文化水平初中及以下、居住地农村、慢性病数量≤1种、自我健康管理认知及健康关注度低为影响退休干部健康管理需求独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论退休干部慢性病发生率较高,以心脑血管病、消化系统病及内分泌系统病等为主,具有年龄越高发生率越高特点;家庭人均收入、文化水平、居住地、慢性病数量、自我健康管理认知及健康关注度为影响其健康管理需求独立因素。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological situation of chronic diseases in retired cadres and analyze the related factors influencing needs for health management.Methods An epidemiological investigation of chronic diseases was conducted in 120 retired cadres who completed health checkups in the Outpatient Department,Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China between January 2018 and January 2019.The epidemiological characteristics were organized,and Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors influencing needs for health management.Results The prevalence of chronic diseases in the 120 retired cadres was 84.17%,and the percentages of subjects with 1 kind of disease,with 2 or 3 kinds of diseases,and 4 or 5 kinds of diseases were 71.67%,11.67%,and 0.83%,respectively.The incidence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was the highest,which mainly included hypertension,hyperlipemia,and coronary heart disease,followed by digestive system diseases,and then endocrine system diseases(diabetes).The incidence rate of chronic diseases was significantly lower in people between 60 years and 70 years old than those under 70 years old(P<0.05).The per capita income,educational level,self-health management awareness,and health concerns of subjects without special needs for health management were significantly lower than those with needs(P<0.05).Besides,the proportions of subjects with 2 kinds or more kinds of chronic diseases and those living in cities were significantly lower than subjects with needs for health management(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis results showed that per capita income of or less than 3000 yuan/month,junior high school education level or lower,living in rural areas,1 kind or fewer chronic disease,low awareness of self-health management and low health concerns were the independent risk factors affecting the health management needs of retired cadres(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence rate of chronic diseases is relatively higher in retired cadres,which mainly include cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,digestive system diseases,and endocrine system diseases,and the incidence increases with age.The per capita income,education level,place of residence,number of chronic diseases,self-health management awareness and health concerns are the independent factors affecting their health management needs.