佛山市高中生腰痛流行病学调查及影响因素分析

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of influencing factors of backache in senior high school students in Foshan City

目的了解佛山市高中生腰痛患病现况,明确导致腰痛的危险因素,为高中生预防腰痛提供指导。方法设计制作调查问卷,整群抽样佛山市两所高中,发放问卷2 350份,调查学生近一个月内的腰痛期间患病情况及引起腰痛的可能相关因素,统计分析腰痛患病率及腰痛相关因素。结果回收有效问卷2 212份,有效应答率为94.13%。总体腰痛患病率为41.0%;其中女生患病率为48.5%,男生患病率为34.4%,性别差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高二腰痛患病率为44.7%,高三腰痛患病率为44.0%,均高于高一年级的36.2%(P值均<0.05)。走读学生的腰痛患病率分别为44.4%,高于住校生的36.5%(P<0.05)。二分类logistic回归分析提示,女性、日平均坐位时间长、有腰部外伤史、母亲有慢性腰痛史、感觉教室桌椅不舒适、桌子太低、椅子太高、椅子靠背不舒适、坐位空间狭窄等是高中学生腰痛的危险因素。结论佛山市高中生腰痛高发,长时间坐位以及座位不舒适是其重要的原因之一,女性和存在腰部外伤史等是高中生腰痛发生的相关因素。

Objective To explore the prevalence of backache in senior high school students in Foshan City and identify the high risk factors leading to it,so as to provide the guidance for prevention of backache.Methods The questionnaires were designed and produced.The multi-layer clusters were sampled in two senior high schools in Foshan City,and 2350 questionnaires were distributed to investigate the prevalence of backache in the past month.The risk factors for backache were analyzed.Results Totally 2 212 valid questionnaires were recovered.The effective response rate was 94.13%.The overall backache prevalence rate was 41.0 %,including 48.5% in the female and 34.4% in the male.The gender difference was statistically significant.The prevalence rate of backache in senior grade 1 to grade 3 was 36.2%,44.7%,and44.0%,respectively.The difference between grade 1 and grade 2,also between grade 1 and grade 3 was statistically significant.The backache prevalence rate of resident students was 36.5% and the rate of the day students was 44.4%,and there was a significant difference.The binary logistic-regression analysis suggested that the female,long time sitting,history of waist trauma,history of chronic backache of mother,uncomfortable seat,too low of the table,too high of the chair,uncomfortable backrest of the chair,and narrow sitting space were the risk factors for backache in senior high school students.Conclusion The prevalence of backache is high in the senior high school students in Foshan City.Long sitting position and uncomfortable seat are the most important reasons.Female and the history of waist trauma are the high risk factors for backache in the senior high school students.