日本近代初期的汉文教育研究——对《明治汉文教科书集成》考察

Study of Chinese Language Education in Japan in Early Modern Times——Centering on the Research of The Collection of Chinese Language Textbooks in Meiji Period

日语中的所谓“漢文”,即指“运用中国古文书写的诗和散文,以及日本人借用其形式创作的诗文的总称。”[1]19从明治时代以前的汉文学习及汉文教育在各历史时期的定位中不难发现,汉文在日本社会占有绝对的优势地位。直至进入明治维新时期,由于受到西方近代文明的冲击,汉文教育在日本社会所处的地位也随之发生变化。文章通过对《明治汉文教科书集成》考察,深入剖析这种变化的历史及逻辑根源,对认识和理解近代中日关系及中国汉文化在日本的传播情况,具有重要的理论价值。

The so-called"Chinese language"in Japanese refers to"poems and proses written in ancient Chinese and poems written by Japanese in their forms."[1]19 It is not difficult to find out from the situation of Chinese language learning and the position of Chinese language education before Meiji period that Chinese played an absolutely dominant role in Japanese society.Since Meiji Reform,however,the situation of Chinese language education in Japanese society has changed substantially due to the impact of modern western civilization.This paper makes a thorough analysis of the historical and logical roots of this change based on The Collection of Chinese Language Textbooks in Meiji Period,which has important theoretical value for reconsidering and understanding the modern Sino-Japanese relations and the spread of Chinese culture in Japan.