城市执法体制建构与地方立法

The Construction of Urban Law Enforcement System and Local Legislation

城市根据地方实际情况和当地居民的需求,通过行使地方立法权,对地方事务和城市秩序进行管理,是城市治理现代化的重要方面。考察我国关于城市执法的中央立法的演进与现状,可以发现,光靠中央立法无法为城市建立综合执法体制、防止执法权无序扩张、完善执法监督等提供充分的法律规范依据,职权法定原则未充分落实。在处理中央立法和地方立法的关系上,现阶段应着力于加强城市执法的地方立法工作。从职权法定原则的角度分析,地方立法应明确城市执法的主体及关系,健全公务协作机制,为执法重心下移提供保障;应确定城市综合执法的职权范围,以科学的立法程序防止城管执法权的无序扩张;应健全城市执法的监督机制,在过程监督和公众参与等方面实现监督机制创新。

According to the actual situation of the city and the needs of the local residents,it is important for the modernization of urban governance to manage the local affairs and urban order through the exercise of local legislative power.By examining the evolution and current situation of the central legislation on urban law enforcement in China,this article reveals that the central legislation alone can t provide sufficient legal basis for the cities to establish a comprehensive law enforcement system,to prevent the disorderly expansion of law enforcement power,or to improve law enforcement supervision.As a result,the principle of statutory authority is not fully implemented.In dealing with the relationship between central legislation and local legislation,this article suggestes a focus on strengthening the local legislation of urban law enforcement at present.From the perspective of the principle of statutory authority,local legislation should clarify the administrative subject and legal relationship among urban law enforcements,improve the mechanism of official cooperation,and provide guarantee for the local law enforcement power.Local legislation should determine the scope of authority on urban comprehensive law enforcement,and prevent the disorderly expansion of urban law enforcement with scientific legislative procedures.Local legislation should also improve the supervision mechanism of urban law enforcement,and realize mechanism innovations in the process of supervision and public participation.