优势观点运用于促进长者福祉:理论与实务

Application of the Strength Perspective to Promoting the Well-being of the Elderly:Theory and Practice

优势观点跳脱了病理观点对“问题与病态”的沉迷,用优势取向之理念、原则和处遇方法重新建构了长者社会工作的理论内涵。优势评量模型的实务研究,为辨识长者优势和开展专业干预奠定了基础。实务方法类研究,为开展长者照顾及长者心理与精神健康服务提供了具体的工作指引。实务运用类研究,探索了优势观点运用于长者领域的可行性,并初步呈现了运用成效。针对研究中存在的不足,未来可在以下三方面努力:一是将“生命历程”视角融入优势评量模型之中;二是将“文化照顾”视角融入长者照顾实务之中;三是重视以社区为场域的实务运用类实证研究。

The strength-oriented model is a reversal of the medical-oriented work model.The strength-based social work for the elderly follows the requirements of the new aging concept and regards the elderly as a whole,and pays attention to the advantages and resources of the elderly as well as their physical,psychological,social and spiritual needs.Promoting the well-being of the elderly and helping the elderly live a safe and satisfying life is the goal of this model.The research on the strength evaluation model has laid the foundation for identifying the advantages of the elderly and carrying out professional intervention.Research on practical methods has provided specific work guidelines for the elderly care as well as psychological and spiritual services.Application research has explored the feasibility of applying the strength-based model to the relevant work,and initially showed the effectiveness of this application.In view of the shortcomings in the research,it is necessary to make efforts in the following three aspects in the future:one is to integrate the perspective of“life course”into the strength evaluation model;the second is to integrate the perspective of“cultural care”into the practical methods of elderly care;the third is to emphasize the community-based practical research.