艾伦·伍德关于“马克思与正义”阐释两个前提的批判性思考

The Critical Explorations to Allen Wood's Two Premises of“Marx and Justice”

对伍德来说,理解“马克思与正义”关系的关键在于两个前提:马克思持有一种狭义的法权意义上的正义观念,这是内在于历史唯物主义的;为了揭示马克思对资本主义社会的批判,“道德的善”与“非道德的善”之间的区分似乎是不言而喻的。由此,他的结论是马克思对资本主义的批判虽然不基于法权的正义,但却基于非道德的善的“积极自由”和“自我实现”。问题在于,他所阐释的历史唯物主义是排斥价值维度的,他所理解的善的二元划分也是不成立的。然而,历史唯物主义不仅指明了事实与价值之间的历史性统一,而且暗示了一种把正义作为统摄性价值的思想。马克思关于人的发展的三阶段理论以及政治经济学从抽象到具体的科学方法,为我们具体理解历史唯物主义与正义的内在关系提供了关键线索。

For Allen Wood,the two presuppositions for understanding the relationship between“Marx and Justice”are that:Marx himself holds a conception of justice in a sense of legal right,which is inherent in Marx s historical materialism;to denounce Capitalism,the moral goods are separation from immoral goods among values seems self-evident.Therefore,his conclusion is that Marx indeed criticizes Capitalism based on positive freedom and self-realization of immoral goods,but not on justice as legal right.However,Allen Wood actually interpreted a version of historical materialism which rejects values,and his view of dualistic goods is invalid.Historical materialism not only indicates the historical unification of fact and value,but also implies that justice is an integrated value.Marx's theory of three-stage of human development and his political economy method from abstract to concrete provide pivotal clues for our points.