哈耶克视野中的自由与平等:一个批判性的考察

Liberty and Equality in Hayek's Vision:A Critical Review

作为自由至上主义的代表人物之一,哈耶克以坚守古典自由主义理念而著称,针对自由与平等之间的关系这一问题,他坚持高扬自由的价值,为了实现自由,牺牲平等也在所不惜。针对哈耶克的观点,我们认为:第一,哈耶克不能以自然的不平等为依据来否认分配正义;第二,社会正义的实现并不像哈耶克所认为的那样必然有赖于中央指导计划的制度的存在和侵犯自由;第三,哈耶克为了论证自由的至上性而提出的“自生自发秩序理论”,具有很大的争议性。虽然自由对人类社会的发展来说至关重要,但是这并不意味着自由是一种至上的价值,对人类文明的发展来说,平等也是非常重要的。

As one of the representatives of libertarianism,Hayek is well-known for upholding the idea of classical liberalism.In the light of the relationship between liberty and equality,he persisted in upholding the value of liberty even at the expense of equality.The article puts forward three different opinions on Hayek's viewpoint:First,Hayek cannot deny distributive justice by the reason of natural inequality.Second,the realization of social justice is not necessarily dependent on the existence of the system of the central guiding plan and the violation of freedom.Third,Hayek's“Theory of Spontaneous Order”,which was put forward in order to prove the supremacy of liberty,has great controversy.Although liberty is essential for the development of human society,it does not mean that liberty is a supreme value.Equality is also very important for the development of human civilization.