突发公共卫生事件社会补偿制度的构建

The Construction of Social Compensation System for Public Health Emergencies

突发公共卫生事件具有发生的不可预测性、波及的大规模性、损害的不可归责性及结果的严重破坏性等特点,传统侵权损害赔偿制度及社会保障制度在填补人民生命健康损害、维护人民基本生活安全、实现社会安全有序方面仍存在不足。为了应对突发公共卫生事件对人民生命健康安全以及基本生活安全造成的损害,我们需要以社会连带理论为法理基础,以保障受害人生命健康安全及基本生活安全为目的,完善基于风险结果的国家责任,通过社会补偿基金给付的方式,以社会整体力量预防、分担特定社会成员由于特定原因所遭受的损失。通过建立长期、有效的社会补偿机制,推动突发公共卫生事件的损害保护路径从传统的损害赔偿或社会救助走向社会化的损失补偿。

Public health emergencies have the characteristics of unpredictability,large-scale spread,blamelessness of damage and severely destructive results.The traditional tort compensation system and the social security system are inadequate in filling people’s life and health damages,the loss of basic life,and realizing the safety and order of society.In order to deal with the non-property damage caused by public health emergencies to the health,safety and life of people,we need to take the social solidarity theory as the legal basis,with purpose of protecting the health,safety and life of people and social stability,improve the national responsibility based on risk results,and pay the social compensation fund to deal with the damage caused by social risks.The establishment of a long-term and effective social compensation system will help to promote public health emergencies from traditional damage compensation and social assistance models to socialized loss compensation models.