考虑恐慌影响的高校食堂应急疏散仿真研究

Simulation Study on Emergency Evacuation of University Canteen Considering the Impact of Panic

为研究恐慌心理对人员应急疏散效率的影响,基于Anylogic软件对高校食堂应急疏散进行仿真分析。通过引入紧张程度改进社会力模型,综合考虑出口选择和从众行为确定最终的行人出口目标,建立考虑恐慌影响的高校食堂疏散模型,以武汉某高校食堂为例,对比分析考虑恐慌与不考虑恐慌下的人员应急疏散效率。仿真结果表明:考虑恐慌影响的疏散时间是不考虑恐慌的1.3倍,考虑恐慌影响的瓶颈处拥挤时间是不考虑恐慌的2.4倍,考虑恐慌影响的峰值人群密度是不考虑恐慌的1.4倍。高校人群受恐慌影响易产生从众行为,造成部分楼梯口或出口瓶颈效应较为严重,应建立人员疏散提示系统,实时监测预警疏散出口人员密度,智能优化疏散路径,组织引导人员疏散,提高应急疏散效率。

In order to study the impact of panic on the efficiency of emergency evacuation,the simulation analysis of emergency evacuation in university canteen is carried out by Anylogic software.By introducing the degree of tension to improve the social force model,the final pedestrian exit target is determined by comprehensively considering exit selection and herd behavior,and a university canteen evacuation model considering panic effect is established.Taking a university canteen in Wuhan as an example,the emergency evacuation efficiency of pedestrian considering panic and not considering panic is compared and analyzed.The results show that:comparing to not considering the panic,the evacuation time considering the panic is 1.3 times,the congestion time at the bottleneck is 2.4 times,and the peak crowd density is 1.4 times.The crowds in universities are prone to herd behavior due to panic,resulting in serious bottleneck effect of some staircases or exits.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a pedestrian evacuation prompt system to timely monitor and warn the crowd density of evacuation exit,intelligently optimize the evacuation path,and organize and guide personnel to evacuation,and improve the emergency evacuation efficiency.