短期NaCl胁迫下9个甜瓜品种抗性生理指标的综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Physiological Indexes of Nine Melon Varieties under NaCl Stress

【目的】快速评价9个新疆甜瓜品种的耐盐性,为抗盐育种筛选材料。【方法】利用水培和基质栽培,分析短期100 mM的NaCl胁迫对甜瓜干物质积累、根系构型参数和光合参数的影响,研究不同品种的耐盐能力,为甜瓜抗盐育种提供依据。【结果】(1)水培盐处理5 d后,杂交伽师瓜的地上鲜重、地下鲜重、根系总长、根系表面积等根系构型参数的下降幅度始终低于其他8个品种,耐盐性好,赛热可口奇的地下部鲜重及各根系构型参数降低幅度最大,耐盐性较差。黄旦子、卡尔孕西和杂交伽师瓜3个品种的地下部干重与对照没有明显差异,其余品种差异显著;(2)基质栽培盐处理25 d后,杂交伽师瓜的根长、株高、叶片数、根鲜重、茎鲜重和叶片鲜重较对照的下降幅度均明显低于其他8个品种,黄旦子次之;营养生长期的光合参数显示,杂交伽师瓜的Pn和Ci的下降幅度始终低于其余8个品种,黄旦子的Gs和Tr的下降幅度低于其余8个品种,赛热可口奇的Pn、Gs和Tr降低幅度均最大。(3)黄旦子和杂交伽师瓜的第3片真叶SPAD值下降幅度小,盐害表现最轻,赛热可口奇的第3片真叶SPAD降低幅度均最大,盐害变现最重。【结论】100 mM的NaCl胁迫对甜瓜生长和生理特性均有严重的抑制作用,杂交伽师瓜和黄旦子为耐盐品种,炮弹瓜、阿克可口奇和赛热可口奇为盐敏感品种。

【Objective】To evaluate the salt tolerance of nine melon varieties in Xinjiang.【Methods】Using hydroponic culture and substrate cultivation,the effects of short-term NaCl stress of 100 mM on dry matter accumulation,root configuration parameters and photosynthetic parameters of muskmelon were analyzed,and the salt tolerance ability of different varieties was determined,which provided the basis for salt-resistant breeding of melon.【Results】(1)After 5 days of salt stress in hydroponics,the fresh weight below ground,fresh weight above ground,and the root configuration parameters such as total root length,root surface area of Zajiaojiashigua always decreased less than the other 8 varieties,with better salt tolerance.Sairekekekouqi showed the greatest reduction in underground fresh weight and root configuration parameters,and poor salt tolerance.The underground dry weight of Huangdanzi,Kalakesai and Zajiaojiashigua was not significantly different from that of the control.(2)After 25 days of salt stress in the short-term substrate cultivation period,the root length,stem length,leaf number,root fresh weight,stem fresh weight and leaf fresh weight of Zajiaojiashigua decreased significantly compared with the control group,followed by Huangdanzi;Photosynthetic parameters showed at vegetative stage,the photosynthetic rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of Zajiaojiashigua were always lower than those of the rest 8 varieties,the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate dropped lower than those of the rest 8 varieties of Huangdanzi;Moreover,the photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and of Sairekekekouqi decreased the most.(3)The decrease of chlorophyll content in the third true leaf of Huangdanzi and Zajiaojiashigua was relatively little,and the salt damage was the least.The decrease of chlorophyll content in the third true leaf of Sairekekekouqi was the greatest,and the salt damage was the heaviest.【Conclusion】In conclusion,100 mM NaCl salt threats of melon growth and physiological characteristics had serious inhibition,and Zajiaojiashigua and Huangdanzi showed salt tolerance,Paotaihong,Akekekouqi and Sairekekekouqi showed salt sensitivity.