不同药剂对灰枣光合特性及果实外观品质的影响

Effects of Different Growth Regulators and Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Appearance Quality of Jujube

【目的】研究喷施不同浓度调节剂和叶面肥对灰枣叶片光合特性、坐果率及果实外观品质的影响,为新疆灰枣优质高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以灰枣为材料,以赤霉素、硼酸和氨基酸叶面肥3种药剂复配8个配方进行叶面喷施,测定灰枣叶片光合特性、坐果率、果实外观品质等指标。【结果】灰枣喷施调节剂和叶面肥可显著提高灰枣叶片光合特性、坐果率和果实品质;T3处理后的灰枣叶片Pn值和Tr值显著高于CK对照处理;T3处理下灰枣叶片WUE值最高,比CK高4.35%;T4处理对坐果率提升最高,比CK对照处理提高4.81%;T3处理下灰枣果实平均单果重、果肉重和横径达到最大值,显著高于CK对照处理,T4处理后灰枣果实纵径达到最大值,处理T1~T7均降低了灰枣果实的果形指数,各处理在果实可食率方面相差不大。【结论】对灰枣喷施20~30 mg/L赤霉素、0.2%硼酸和1000倍氨基酸叶面肥,有助于提高植物光合作用,提高灰枣产量和果实外观品质。

【Objective】To study the effects of different concentration regulators and leaf fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics,fruit setting rate and fruit appearance quality of jujube leaves in the hope of providing theoretical basis for high quality and high yield cultivation of jujube in Xinjiang.【Method】Jujube was taken as experimental material,Gibberellin,boric acid and amino acid foliar fertilizer were sprayed to determine the photosynthetic characteristics of jujube leaves,fruit setting rate and fruit appearance quality of jujube.【Result】The results showed that the photosynthetic index of leaves,fruit setting rate and fruit quality of jujube could be improved significantly by spraying growth regulator and leaf fertilizer.The Pn and Tr-values of jujube leaves by T3-treated were significantly higher than those of CK control treatment.The WUE value of jujube leaves treated with T3 was the highest,4.35%higher than that of the CK;T4 treatment had the highest increase in fruit setting rate,which was 4.81%higher than that of the CK control treatment;Under T3 treatment,the average single fruit weight,pulp weight,and horizontal diameter of jujube fruit reached a maximum,which was significantly higher than that of the CK control treatment.After T4 treatment,the vertical diameter of jujube fruit reached a maximum,and the processing of T1 to T7 reduced the fruit shape index of jujube fruit.There was little difference in the edible rate of fruit.【Conclusion】To sum up,it is recommended that 20 to 30 mg/L Gibberellin,0.2%boric acid,and 1,000 times amino acid leaf fertilizer be applied,which will help increase plant photosynthesis and increase the yield and fruit appearance quality.