试论人的基于本能的认知

On Human's Instinct-based Cognition

人为什么能够获得知识,这是一个古老的哲学问题,也是一个现代的认识论问题,历经旷日持久的争论,至今依然得不到满意的答案。本文将基于人对数学的认知尝试回答这个问题。从古希腊开始的关于概念如何存在的争论,演变为文艺复兴后的概念如何获得的争论,都是基于思辨的,关注的是那些建立在观念之上的东西。虽然中国古代哲学总是要把人融入思维系统,使得主客观不清,难以清晰地呈现思维的逻辑,但是,关于获得知识的争论,不考虑人是不可以的。现代科学的研究表明,人具有由遗传基因携带的本能,其中包括人得以认知的先天本能,这些本能的表达借助大脑和神经的活动予以激活,这样的激活依赖于人的后天经验。对于数学的认知而言,人的本能是对数量多少的感知和对距离远近的感知,基于这两个本能,以及人所具有的抽象能力和想象能力这两个特殊的能力,使得人对数学的认知成为可能。毋庸置疑,数学的认知是人获得知识的范例。

Why people can acquire knowledge is an ancient philosophical question and a modern epistemological question.After protracted debates over the mining days,there is still no satisfactory answer.This article will try to answer this question based on people's knowledge of mathematics.The controversy about how concepts exist from ancient Greece,and the debate about how to obtain concepts after the Renaissance is based on speculation,focusing on those things that are built on ideas.Although ancient Chinese philosophy always integrated people into the thinking system,making the subjective and objective unclear,it is difficult to clearly present the logic of thinking.Therefore,it is impossible not to consider people in the debate about obtaining knowledge.Studies in modern science have shown that humans have instincts carried by genetic genes,including innate instincts that humans can recognize.The expression of these instincts is activated by the activity of the brain and nerves.Such activation depends on the acquired experience of the person.For the cognition of mathematics,human instinct is the perception of quantity and the perception of distance.Based on these two instincts,as well as the two special abilities of the abstract ability and the imagination,the cognition of mathematics is possible.Needless to say,mathematical cognition is a paradigm for people to acquire knowledge.