华东地区冬季不同畜种有窗式畜舍内环境卫生指标的比较

Comparisons on Internal Environmental Indicators in Different Types of Windowed Livestock Houses in Eastern China in Winter

该研究旨在分析华东地区冬季不同畜种有窗式畜舍内环境卫生状况。采集同一试验农牧场的有窗式猪、鸡、牛、羊舍内光照度、温湿度指数(THI)、噪声、空气中氨浓度、细菌数等环境卫生指标。结果表明,猪舍和羊舍的温湿度指数极显著高于鸡舍和牛舍(P<0.01);鸡舍空气中氨浓度极显著高于其他3种畜舍(P<0.01);猪、鸡舍空气中细菌数极显著高于牛、羊舍(P<0.01)。不同畜禽舍的光照度和氨气浓度呈极显著的负相关关系(P<0.01);温湿度指数和氨气浓度呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05),和空气中细菌密度呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。因此,同为华东地区冬季有窗式畜舍,猪、鸡舍空气状况更需要关注,适当降低环境湿度可以有效改善畜舍内的环境卫生状况。

The aim of this experiment was to analyze the environmental sanitation of the window-type barn of different livestock in Eastern China in winter.The illuminance,temperature and humidity index,noise,ammonia concentration and bacteria density in the air of windowed pig house,chicken house,cowhouse and sheep house in the same experimental farm were measured.The results showed that the temperature-humidity index of pig house and sheep house was significantly higher than those of poultry house and cowhouse(P<0.01).The ammonia concentration in the air of the chicken house was significantly higher than that of the other three kinds of livestock houses(P<0.01).The density of bacteria in the air of pig house and chicken house was significantly higher than that of cowhouse and sheep house(P<0.01).The illuminance and ammonia concentration of different livestock houses were significantly negatively correlated(P<0.01).There was a significantly positive correlation between the temperature-humidity index and the concentration of ammonia(P<0.05),so did the THI and the density of bacteria in the air(P<0.01).To sum up,with windowed livestock houses,more attention should be paid to the air condition of the pig house and chicken house in Eastern China in winter.Improving the illuminance and appropriately reducing the THI can effectively improve the environmental sanitation condition of the barns.