战后美国语言推广战略

A Strategic Analysis of American Language Promotion Overseas after WWII

二战后,美国成为世界头号强国,其政治、经济、军事实力及其对全球的影响迅速增加,这为美国向外推广英语提供了强大保障及便利条件。美国把对外英语推广上升到国家安全战略的高度,服务其全球战略和国家利益。为此,美国采取全方位、立体化、多渠道的策略和措施向外推广英语,主要包括:一、通过立法、成立专门机构和项目,建立制度保障;二、文化交流与语言推广相结合,推动公共外交;三、国际合作和非官方机构积极参与;四、建立对外英语教学学科,提升对外英语教学的地位和职业吸引力;五、与时俱进,不断完善教学方式、教学服务、标准化考试、奖学金制度等。战后美国语言推广的特征以隐性为主。美国的语言推广本质上是一种政治经济行为,不仅为其带来巨大政治经济利益,而且大大提升了其软实力,实现了其战略目标。

The United States became the most powerful country in the world in the aftermath of World WarⅡ,with its political power,economic might,military strength and global influence drastically increased,which provided a solid foundation and favorable condition for its promotion of American English overseas.The United States regarded its promotion of American English from the perspective the of national security in order to serve its global strategy and national interesst. As such,the United States adopted comprehensive,multi-dimensional and multi-channel tactics and measures in its promotion of American English overseas.Such tactics and measures mainly include but are not limited to:first,establishing institutional support through legislation and establishment of designated agencies and programs;second,combining language promotion with cultural exchange to facilitate public diplomacy;third,encouraging international cooperation and the participation of nongovernmental agencies;fourth,establishing TESOL as an academic discipline to enhance the status and professionalism of TESOL;fifth,optimizing teaching methods,teaching support,standardized test,and scholarships,along with time and technological progress.The United States'promotion of American English overseas since the end of World War Ⅱis mainly characterized by indirectness.Its promotion of American English overseas is of political and economic nature,not only bringing about enormous political gains and economic benefits,but also greatly increasing its soft power.In a word,such promotion has achieved its strategic objective.