田园理想与亚马逊女战士--论维加戏剧《羊泉镇》中的女性乌托邦

The Female Utopia in Lope de Vega's Play Fuenteovejuna

17世纪西班牙剧作家维加的代表作《羊泉镇》是黄金世纪最著名的剧作之一。该剧改编自西班牙历史上的一次农民起义,但剧作家却刻意在其中加入了性别维度,使女性得以扮演特殊角色。女性在西班牙荣誉体系之下沦为男性的权力工具,面对来自统治阶级和男性村民的双重压迫,剧中的女性共同体形成了疗愈和反抗父权的乌托邦,这种乌托邦在和平时期表现为与农业、田园联系紧密的和谐图景,在面对冲突激化时则演化为亚马逊女战士式的暴力乌托邦。尽管剧中的女性共同体无法完全颠覆父权系统,甚至深陷于男性权力话语之内,但剧作家维加仍然肯定了女性乌托邦的对抗性。

Fuenteovejuna,the masterpiece of the seventeenth-century Spanish playwright Lope de Vega,is one of the most famous plays of the Golden Age.The play was based on a peasant uprising in Spanish history,but the playwright deliberately added a gender dimension to allow women to play a special role.Under the honor system,women become the tools for men to demonstrate their power.Faced with the dual oppression from both the ruling class and male residents,the female community in the play forms a utopia that heals and rebels against the patriarchy.Such an utopia is manifested as a harmonious spectacle associated with the agricultural and the pastural in peacetime;it evolves into a violent utopia consisting of Amazons when the conflict exacerbates.Though the female community in the play cannot completely overthrow the patriarchal system and are trapped in the male-dominated discourse,the playwright Vega still affirms the confrontational significance of the female utopia.