英汉对比视角下汉语垂悬话题的句法实现再分析

A Reanalysis of the Syntactic Realization of the Chinese Dangling Topics from the Perspective of Chinese-English Comparison

语言学研究中的话题通常分为话题化话题结构、左置话题结构和汉语式话题结构,汉语式话题结构也称垂悬话题。前两种话题结构常见于英汉语中,且其移位生成的观点已被学界普遍接受,而对垂悬话题是移位生成还是基础生成这一问题,目前暂无统一结论。考虑到语言的经济性,形式语言学的最简方案取消了D-结构,进而提出"论元结构由外部合并决定",这使得垂悬话题又有真伪之分。本文认为,借助功能范畴投射可以解释真垂悬话题基础生成的动因和句法实现,真伪垂悬话题可以通过关系化检测手段得以区分,能够关系化的是移位生成的伪垂悬话题,反之是基础生成的真垂悬话题。

There are generally three types of topics:Topicalization Topic Construction,Left Dislocation Topic Construction and Chinese-style Topic Construction(also called Dangling Topic).Dangling Topics could be further divided into true and fake dangling topics according to Chomsky's hypothesis that the argument structure is determined by External Merger.This study holds that functional category projection and relativization can help distinguish the true and fake dangling topics.The true dangling topic is base-generated and cannot be relativized,while fake dangling topic is shift-generated and can be relativized.