族群民族主义的复归与民族国家的选择

The Return of Ethnic Nationalism and Choice of Nation-State

现代民族国家的“民族大厦”建立在以公民身份为载体的、建构性的公民民族主义之上,但是在全球化的当前阶段,原生性的族群民族主义骤然突显,民族国家陷入认同之困,公民身份面临严峻挑战。复归的民族主义浪潮是全球化带来的文化焦虑和认同政治的产物,呈现出清晰的族群性而非公民性取向。这种族群民族主义威胁着公民身份的唯一性、平等性与神圣性,削弱了公民民族主义,从而导致公民身份的文化碎片化危机。关于公民身份与民族认同的协调方案主要有两种,一种是理想主义的“公民国家”建构方案,主张“切割论”;一种是现实主义的民族国家强化方案,主张“维系论”。在族群民族主义的挑战面前,重塑公民身份和强化国家认同是民族国家必须完成的历史使命。

The“national edifice"of the modern nation-state is built on the constructive civic nationalism with citizenship as the basis.However,in the current stage of globalization,the original ethnic nationalism has suddenly emerged,nation-states are trapped in identity difficulties,and citizenship is facing severe challenges.The reverting wave of nationalism is a product of cultural anxiety and identity politics brought about by globalization,showing a clear ethnic rather than civic orientation.The ethnic nationalism threatens the uniqueness,equality,and sanctity of citizenship,weakens citizen nationalism,and leads to a crisis of cultural fragmentation of citizenship.There are two main ways to coordinate citizenship and national identity.One is the idealistic“citizen state”construction plan,advocating the“partition theory”;the other is the realist nation-state strengthening plan,advocating the maintenance theory”.Faced with the challenge of ethnic nationalism,reshaping citizenship and strengthening national identity are historical missions that nation-states must complete.