不同献血人群对无偿献血的认知及其影响因素调查分析

Information and knowledge of blood donors towards voluntray blood donation and the influencing factors

目的提高献血人群认知率,巩固并壮大固定献血人群。方法通过自制调查问卷,对2018年1—6月莱芜地区650名无偿献血人群进行人口学调查,并从性别、文化程度、献血次数、家人支持参与情况及献血宣传途径等因素对无偿献血的认知情况进行调查分析。采用t检验、方差分析,对影响献血认知的因素进行单因素分析,采用多元线性回归对献血认知的影响因素进行筛查分析。结果献血知识及相关法律法规平均知晓率71.17%。单因素分析显示:文化程度、性别、献血次数、家人的支持与参与献血情况,微信网络、无偿献血讲座及举办大型公益活动宣传方式对献血人群的献血认知具有显著性影响(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示:性别、文化程度、献血次数、举办大型公益活动宣传方式、家人的支持及参与献血情况是影响献血人群献血认知的因素。结论根据影响献血人群的因素,需要我们及时调整宣传方式和内容,针对不同献血人群制定相应的宣传和服务策略,以便进一步提高献血人群的认知率,进而转变为固定献血人群,建立稳定地献血队伍。

Objective To investigate the knowledge and imformation of blood donors towards voluntary blood donation so as to expand and sustain the long-term practice of voluntary blood donors. Methods The knowledge and imformation regarding voluntary blood donation in 650 voluntray blood donors during January-June 2018 in Laiwu was studied in terms of demographics, gender, cultural background, numbers of blood donation, family′s response towards donation and media exposure to blood donation, etc. using self-designed questionnaires. The factors influencing practices of blood donation were analyzed by.T-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression.Results 71.17% of the questionnaires were aware of knowledge, laws and regulations regarding blood donation. Single factor analysis revealed that: educational background, gender, numbers of blood donation, family′s response and attendance, wechat App, blood donation lectures and large civic activities had significant impacts on the awareness of blood donation(P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that: gender, education background, numbers of blood donation, large civic activities, family′s response and attendance were the factors influencing blood donation cognition. Conclusion The study revealed the importance of adjusting donation publicity targeted to raise knowledge and motivate donation according to the sociodemographic characteristics, so as to expand and sustain a team of committed repeat donors.