干细胞体外诱导生成红细胞的研究进展

Research progress of artificial red blood cell induced by stem cell

输血是目前临床上1种重要的治疗方法和手段,尤其对于存在严重贫血或外科大出血的患者,红细胞输注对于其生命的维持尤显重要。然而,随着血液供应短缺成为困扰全世界各国的1个重大公共卫生问题,为临床寻找人红细胞的替代品也成为再生医学中1项重要课题。目前,替代红细胞的研究主要集中在干细胞诱导方向,并已取得一定的进展;但在体外诱导红细胞过程中仍面临着许多障碍,特别是像干细胞增殖、珠蛋白以及成熟红细胞的低去核率等亟待解决的困难问题。本文回顾了干细胞诱导生成红细胞过程中所面临的主要瓶颈问题,并对目前可能涉及红细胞去核机制的各种研究作了讨论,为同行了解该研究的现状和下一步的方向勾勒图景、指点路径。

Blood transfusion is an important clinical treatment at present, especially for patients with severe anemia or surgical bleeding. Red blood cell(RBC) transfusion is especially important for their life maintenance.However, the shortage of blood supply has become a major public health problem perplexing countries all over the world, hence, finding a a substitute for human red blood cells has become an important topic in regenerative medicine. At present, researches on RBC substitutes mainly focus on stem cell induction. Although many progresses have been made, there are still many obstacles that need to be solved, including the proliferation of stem cells, the transformation of globin and the low enucleation proportion of mature erythrocytes. There are many hypotheses about the mechanism of erythrocyte denucleation. In this paper, the bottlenecks of stem cell induction were reviewed systematically, and the possible mechanisms involved in erythrocyte enucleation were discussed, so as to point the further research directions.