景区依托型乡村聚落用地格局与功能演变研究——以黄果树镇石头寨村为例

Study on Land Pattern and Function Evolution of Rural Settlements Dependent on Scenic Spot:A Case Study of Shitouzhai Village in Huangguoshu Town

以毗邻黄果树瀑布风景区旅游村落石头寨村为典型案例,运用空间分析和参与式评估方法,利用聚落用地现状与多时相遥感影像数据,分析了34年来石头寨村聚落用地格局的变化规律。研究发现:(1)石头寨村聚落用地格局演变经历了缓慢起步、加速扩张及扩张回落3个阶段;土地利用实现了从村落中心区到外围区,从平面到立体的空间拓展过程;空间上呈现较为显著的沿河、沿路扩张模式;(2)"旅游化过程"促使石头寨村乡村聚落用地功能的转变,乡村单一的村民居住型用地比例降低,旅游住宿、旅游餐饮、旅游服务等非居住用地比例上升,乡村聚落功能由单一的居住生活功能向居住—休闲旅游复合功能转变;(3)自然地理条件是乡村聚落空间扩展的基础,旅游资源开发是乡村用地扩展的支撑动力,黄果树瀑布景区旅游市场需求快速增长是乡村功能转化的重要推动力,政府调控是乡村用地变化的引导动力,这些因素相互作用,共同驱动景区依托乡村聚落用地格局的变化。当前石头寨村进入以特色旅游发展为导向的转型升级阶段。对其乡村旅游发展而言,原有用地模式具有不可持续性。因此,要促进乡村旅游可持续发展,必须针对旅游型乡村聚落用地特点和要求,充分考虑现有乡村聚落旅游用地需求,加强乡村用地规划设计和建设管理,并完善相配套的制度体系。

Shitouzhai Village,a tourist village,adjacent to the Huangguoshu waterfall scenic spot,is taken as a typical case.Spatial analysis and participatory evaluation method are applied to analyze the change rules of land use pattern in Shitouzhai village in the past 34 years,by using the status quo of settlement land and multi-temporal remote sensing image data.The results are shown as follows:(1)There are three stages of the land use pattern evaluation,including the slow start stage,the accelerated expansion stage and the expansion decline stage.Land use realizes the process of spatial expansion from the core to the periphery,as well as from the plane to the spatial scale.In spatial scale,there is a significant expansion pattern along the river and road.(2)"Tourization process"prompts the transition of the function of rural settlements in Shitouzhai Village.In this rural area,the proportion of residential land is reduced,while the proportion of non-residential land such as tourism accommodation,tourism catering and tourism services is increased.The function of rural settlements changes from single living function to compound function,including living,leisure and tourism.(3)Main factors,including the village’s natural geographical conditions,tourism resource development,Huangguoshu waterfall scenic spot tourism market demand and the government’s progressive regulation,have contributed to these changes in different stages.At present,Shitouzhai Village has entered into a stage of transformation and upgrading orientation by the development of characteristic tourism.For its rural tourism development,the original land use patterns are not sustainable.Therefore,in order to promote the sustainable development of rural tourism,the planning and design and the construction management of the usage of rural land must be strengthened and the supporting institutional system must be improved,by considering the characteristics and requirements of rural settlement land for tourism and the existing rural settlement tourism land demand as well.