应用于石油解堵增产的水中脉冲放电特性实验研究

Experimental Study on Pulse Discharge Characteristics in Water Applied to Oil Plugging and Increasing Production

近年来利用水中放电产生冲击波对油气井进行解堵增产,因其具有环境友好、效果显著、成本低等优点而越来越受到重视。为此,从实际应用的油气井解堵技术出发,建立了1套完整的水中放电实验平台。该实验平台主要由调压器、升压变压器、储能电容、气体开关和水中负载组成,其中储能电容为50~250μF,充电电压为2~10k V。基于以上实验平台,对水中放电特性进行了实验研究和分析。通过调整充电电压、液体电导率、电极间距等实验因素在不同水平下进行水中放电,对放电过程中电流、电压、冲击波进行测量和分析,总结了各因素对水中放电特性的影响规律。在水通道加热阶段,影响加热时间和泄漏能量的因素主要是电极周围场强、水通道长度和离子浓度;存在最佳间隙距离和最佳水电导率使冲击波幅值和能量达到最大值,且冲击波能量随电压和电容大小的增加会出现饱和状态。

In recent years,the shock waves generated by water discharge are used to deblock and increase production of oil and gas wells,and it has attracted more and more attention due to its environmentally friendly,remarkable effect of increasing production and low cost.Based on the practical application of oil and gas well deblocking technology,this paper establishes a complete underwater discharge experimental platform.The experimental platform is mainly composed of a voltage regulator,a step-up transformer,a storage capacitor,a gas switch,and an underwater load,wherein the storage capacitor is 50~250μF,and the charging voltage is 2~10 kV.Based on the above experimental platform,the experimental study and analysis of the discharge characteristics in water were carried out.By adjusting the charging voltage,liquid conductivity,electrode spacing,and other experimental factors to discharge in water at different levels,the current,voltage and shock waves were measured and analyzed during the discharge process,and the influence of various factors on the discharge in water was summarized.In the heating process of the water channel,the factors affecting the heating time and the leakage energy are mainly the electric field intensity around the electrode,the water channel distance,and the ion concentration.The optimal gap distance and the optimal water conductivity size make the shock wave amplitude and energy to reach maximums,and the shock wave energy will be saturated with the increase of voltage and capacitance.