微生物菌剂与有机无机肥配施对重茬土壤改良和大蒜生长的影响

Effects of Microbial Agents Combined with Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Continuous Cropping Soil Improvement and Growth of Garlic

明确等量养分条件下不同种类肥料配施对重茬大蒜土壤质量和大蒜生长的影响,可为生产中通过合理施肥有效缓解大蒜重茬障碍提供理论依据。在大蒜重茬现象普遍的金乡县,以金乡白皮蒜为试验试材,采用田间小区试验,设置100%化肥N、80%化肥N+20%有机肥N、100%化肥N+微生物菌剂300 kg/hm^2、80%化肥N+20%有机肥N+微生物菌剂300 kg/hm^2计4个施肥处理,以不施肥处理为对照,研究了等量养分条件下不同种类肥料配施对大蒜重茬土壤养分含量、酶活性和微生物学特征,以及大蒜病情指数、生物学性状和产量的影响。结果表明:等量养分条件下,不同施肥处理较不施肥处理均可显著提高大蒜产量;100%化肥处理会加重重茬大蒜病情指数,80%化肥N+20%有机肥N处理、100%化肥N+微生物菌剂300 kg/hm^2处理、80%化肥N+20%有机肥N+微生物菌剂300 kg/hm^2处理均可提高土壤各养分含量、土壤酶活性和微生物数量,有效缓解大蒜重茬性病害;80%化肥N+20%有机肥N+微生物菌剂300 kg/hm^2处理较其他处理可显著改变土壤微生物菌落结构比例,有效降低大蒜病情指数,缓解重茬障碍,提高大蒜产量。微生物菌剂同时与有机肥和化肥配施对改良重茬大蒜根际土壤和缓解大蒜重茬障碍效果最好。

To make clear the effects of different kinds of fertilizers under equivalent nutrient input on soil quality and garlic growth could provide theoretical basis for effectively relieving the continuous cropping obsta cle of garlic through proper fertilization.The field experiments were carried out in Jinxiang County where the continuous cropping phenomenon was common,and Jinxiangbaipisuan was used as the material.Four treatments were set including 100%fertilizer nitrogen,80%fertilizer nitrogen+20%organic nitrogen,100%fertilizer ni trogen+microbial inoculum 300 kg/hm^2,and 80%fertilizer nitrogen+20%organic nitrogen+microbial inocu lum 300 kg/hm^2,taking no fertilizer treatment as the control.The effects of different kinds of fertilizers under equivalent nutrient input on soil nutrition content,enzyme activity,microbiological characteristics,disease in dex,biological characters and yield of garlic were studied.The results showed that compared to the control,different kinds of fertilizers could all improve the yield of garlic.100%fertilizer nitrogen treatment could ag gravate the disease index,and all other treatments could increase the soil nutrition content,soil enzyme activ ity,soil microbial quantity,and effectively relieve the continuous cropping disease.The treatment of 80%fer tilizer nitrogen+20%organic nitrogen+microbial in oculum 300 kg/hm^2 could significantly change the proportion of soil microbial colony structure,effec tively reduce the disease index,relieve the continuous cropping obstacle,and increase the yield of garlic.The most effective method on continuous cropping soil improvement of garlic was the microbial fertilizer combined with organic and inorganic fertilizers.