国内外对外汉语教学研究的比较——基于WOS和CNKI文献的可视化分析

A Comparative Study of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language at Home and Abroad:Citespace Analysis Based on WOS and CNKI Papers

为了综合比较国内外对外汉语教学的研究现状、热点及演进趋势,本文运用可视化分析软件CiteSpace,以CNKI数据库中的1072篇核心期刊论文和WOS数据库中的243篇文献为数据池,绘制国内外对外汉语教学研究的知识图谱。通过对核心作者、发文机构、发文国家和地区的共现分析及对关键词的聚类分析和突现分析,对国内外对外汉语教学研究进行了比较。研究结果表明:国内发文量远超国际发文量;国外发文量最多的仍是中国学者;国内的研究热点总体偏向对系统与模式等宏观问题的研究;国外的研究热点侧重于对汉语课堂上的二语习得和教学本土化等更微观问题的研究;国内的研究趋势是汉语国际教育;国外的研究趋势是二语习得。通过图谱的比较,得出了今后对外汉语教学研究的启示:对汉语国别及区域变体的探究是今后的研究新领域;对孔子学院转型发展的探究应成为今后研究孔子学院的重点方向;各方应建立更多层次的稳定的交流合作机制;要加大对有汉语需求的国家和地区的语言传播。

In order to comprehensively compare the research status,hotspots and trends in the field of Teaching Chinese as a foreign language at home and abroad,this paper uses the visualization software Citespace and takes the 1072 core periodical papers in the CNKI database and the 243 papers in the Web of Science database as data pool to draw knowledge graph.Through co-occurrence analysis of core authors,publishing institutions,publishing countries or regions and cluster analysis and burst term analysis of key words,this paper makes comparisons on the research of teaching Chinese as a foreign language at home and abroad.The research results present that:the number of publishing papers at home far surpasses the publishing papers abroad;Chinese scholars publish most in the world;Chinese research focuses more on Macro-issues such as teaching system and teaching model while foreign research focuses more on micro-issues such as second language acquisition and localization of teaching in Chinese classroom;The research trend in China is MTCSOL while the research trend in foreign countries is SLA.After the compare on the knowledge graph,this paper obtains some enlightenments in the future research:The exploration of Chinese national and regional variants is a new research field in the future;the exploration of Confucius Institution’s transitional development should be the key direction in the next research;all parties should establish more multiple and stable exchange and cooperation mechanisms;China should expand Chinese language propagation to the countries and regions with Chinese language needs.