公路路域带状地形的自动分类方法

A Method for Automatic Classifying Strip Landforms in Road Area

数字带状地形数据是当前公路工程勘察阶段必需的基础性数据,实现数字带状地形的合理分类是公路工程精细化设计、公路建设期能耗计算及路域生态保护的前提与基础。针对传统公路带状地形分类方法存在地形因子单一、分类决策知识模糊和主观因素影响大等问题,依据《公路路线设计规范》及《公路工程技术标准》中对地形分类的要求,结合公路地形分类相关研究成果,提出了以地表坡度、相对高程和地形起伏度为主要地形因子组合的公路带状地形分类决策方案,借鉴已有数字地形分析技术建立了中尺度公路路域数字地形自动分类方法。该方法以栅格DEM为数据源,基于聚类的方法,通过图层叠加分析,实现了公路路域地形分类规则快速构建与直观获取分类结果。并采用公路路域带状栅格DEM进行分类试验,结果表明,该方法相较于由地貌专家人工勾画为主的传统公路地形分类法,工作量小,速度快,成本低,且可有效分出平原、微丘、河谷、山岭和重丘5类典型公路路域地形,分类结果残缺率为10.16%。

Digital strip landform data is the necessary basic data in the current stage of highway engineering investigation.Realizing the reasonable classification of digital strip landform is the prerequisite and basis for detailed design of highway engineering,calculation of energy consumption during highway construction and ecological protection of road area.Aiming at the problems of single landform factor,vague classification decision knowledge,and great influence of subjective factor in the traditional road strip landform classification method,according to the requirements of landform classification in Design Specification for Highway Alignment and Technical Standard of Highway Engineering,combining with the relevant research results of highway landform classification,A new decision scheme of highway strip landform classification that takes surface slope,relative elevation and landform relief as the main landform factor combination is proposed.With reference to the existing digital landform analysis technology,an automatic digital landform classification method for medium-scale highways is established.This method takes grid DEM as the data source,it realizes the rapid construction of road landform classification rules and intuitively obtains the classification result based on clustering method and layer overlay analysis.And the classification experiment is carried out by using the strip grid DEM for road area.The result shows that compared with the traditional highway landform classification method mainly based on artificial outlines by geomorphologists,this method has the advantages of small workload,high speed and low cost,it can provide local road landform thematic map for highway project construction,it can effectively classify plains,micro-hills,river valleys,mountains and heavy hills,and the incomplete rate of classification result is 10.16%.