西安新出《唐故回鹘白夫人墓志》疏证

On the Newly Discovered Tang Dynasty Epitaph of Mrs.Bai of the Uighurs

西安市西郊出土的《唐故回鹘白夫人墓志》记载墓主白氏为阴山贵族之后、突厥可汗之裔,其夫为回鹘可汗,名讳信息等均未记载。结合相关文献,可以看出白氏之父很可能为白道生,祖为白崇礼,曾祖为后东突厥汗国第三代君主毗伽可汗。734年,突厥帝国出现宫廷政变,白氏家族成员脱离突厥而投奔唐朝,改原姓阿史那为白姓。白夫人所嫁可汗很可能为漠北回鹘汗国第三代君主牟羽可汗,在夫于779年被杀后回归长安,于815年亡于长安。白氏生于后东突厥汗国与漠北回鹘汗国交替之时,卒于回鹘汗国末世,见证了回鹘的兴衰历史,其墓志反映了唐与回鹘关系之大背景。

The manuscript Tang Dynasty Epitaph of Mrs.Bai of the Uighurs unearthed in the western suburb of Xi’an city records that the deceased Mrs.Bai was the descendant of a Turkic Khan and that her husband was a Uighur Khan,though the exact names of these khans are not recorded.From historical documents of the time it can be concluded that Mrs.Bai’s father was most likely Bai Daosheng,which would mean that her grandfather was Bai Chongli,and her great grandfather was Bilga,the third Khan of the Late Eastern Turkish Empire.In 734,when a palace coup took place in the Turkish Empire,members of the Bai family fled to China and changed their name from Ashna to Bai.Mrs.Bai married B?güKhan,the third-generation monarch of the Uighur Khanate in Mongolia,returned to Chang’an in 779,likely as a result of the death of her husband,and died in Chang’an in 815.Mrs.Bai’s epitaph reflects the historical background of the relationship between the Han and the Uighurs during the Tang dynasty.