清末云台观与四川地方社会——以光绪年间云台观募捐功德碑为中心的考察

Yuntai Taoist Temple in the Late Qing Dynasty and Sichuan Local Society:An Investigation Centered on Monuments for Donations to the Yuntai Taoist Temple during Emperor Guangxu’s Reign

四川省三台县云台观始建于宋,是川内最大的玄天上帝道场。道观中现存有两通清代碑刻:《重修云台观报销碑》和《三台县城南云台山佑圣观碑》,碑文记录了云台观发生于光绪年间的一次大型募资重修事件。通过对碑文所载功德主的考析,可以看到明清末云台观在三台县地方社会中信徒众多,具有较大的宗教影响力;募捐活动由地方绅耆发起,地方各级官员发布谕令并带头捐款,道观中的道士主持建修,展现出地方社会政治、文化精英支持道教事业发展的积极态度;另外,包括佛教寺庙在内的各类宗教机构与组织的积极参与募捐,一方面呈现出道教与佛教之间的良性互动,另一方面表明制度化宗教与民间宗教之间存在着互融共通的和谐关系,从而展现出四川地方社会中宗教信仰多样性与复杂性的鲜明特征。

As the largest Xuanwu God’s Dojo in Sichuan,Yuntai Taoist Temple of Santai County was built in the Song Dynasty.There are two monuments with inscriptions from the Qing Dynasty in this temple:the Monument for Donations to Rebuild Yuntai Taoist Temple and Youshengguan Monument of the Yuntai Mountain to the South of Santai city area.The inscriptions are records of a large-scale fund-raising event for rebuilding of the Yuntai Taosit Temple during Emperor Guangxu s reign.Analysis of the meritorious donors recorded in the inscription shows:there were many believers in Yuntai Taosit Temple who came from the local communities of Santai County in the late Ming and Qing Dynasties,and this temple had a great religious influence at that time;the fund-raising activities were initiated by local gentry with officials at all levels to give orders and take the lead in donations;Taoist priests in the temple presided over the construction.All these demonstrates the positive attitude of the social,political and cultural elites to support the development of Taoism.In addition,the active participation of various religious institutions and organizations,including Buddhist temples,in fund-raising events shows that,on the one hand,there was a benign interaction between Taoism and Buddhism;and on the other hand,a harmonious relationship existed between the institutional and the folk religions,which represents the diversity and complexity of religious beliefs with distinctive features in local societies of Sichuan.