认知训练对“蛟龙号”模拟驾驶作业脑力负荷影响评估

Ef fects of Cognitive Training on Mental Workload of Simulated Driving of“Jiaolong”Manned Submersible

目的研究认知训练对"蛟龙号"模拟驾驶作业脑力负荷影响,为潜航员的实际训练提供参考。方法实验采用被试内设计,实验共13天,8名受试者在第1、7、13天每天进行1次模拟驾驶作业,在第2~6天与第8~12天每天进行1h的认知训练。记录受试者第1天作业前静息状态脑电图(EEG)作为对照组,并记录第1、7、13天驾驶作业中EEG与绩效数据,在每次作业后受试者填写NASA-TLX量表。结果随着认知训练的进行,Pz(顶点)、Cz(中央点)与Fz(额中点)3个测试点的受试者EEGδ波相对功率下降、β波与γ波相对功率上升,作业绩效改善,NASA-TLX量表评分降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时,认知训练使作业前静息状态与作业中的EEG功率谱间差异降低。结论随着认知训练的进行,受试者进行"蛟龙号"模拟驾驶作业时的脑力负荷显著降低,在潜航员的实际训练中采用认知训练具有积极意义。

Objective To investigate the effects of cognitive training on the mental workload of simulated driving of"Jiaolong"manned submersible,and provide reference for the practical training of oceanauts.Methods Eight subjects participated in the experiment.The experiment adopted between-subjects design and lasted for 13 days.A simulated driving task was conducted on the 1 st,7 th,and 13 th days respectively,and cognitive training was conducted from the 2 nd day to the 6 th day and from the 8 th day to the 12 th day for 1 hour each day respectively.The resting state EEG of subject was recorded before the driving task on the 1 st day as the control group,the EEG and performance data were recorded during the driving task on the 1 st,7 th,and 13 th days,and the NASA-TLX scale was filled in by subject after each driving task.Results With the adoption of cognitive training,the relative power ofδwave of subjects’EEG during the task measured at Pz(parietal zero point),Cz(central zero point)and Fz(frontal zero point)decreased,while the relative power ofβwave andγwave increased;The task performance improved,the score of NASA-TLX scale decreased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In addition,the difference of EEG power spectrum between the resting state and working state decreased owing to the cognitive training.Conclusion With the cognitive training,the mental workload of the subjects during the simulated driving of"Jiaolong"manned submersible decreased significantly,which shows that the adoption of cognitive training is of significance during the practical training of oceanauts.