基于政策工具和健康扶贫作用机制的健康扶贫政策文本量化分析

Quantitative Analysis of Poverty Alleviation Policy Text Based on Policy Tools and Poverty Alleviation Mechanism

目的:对我国自2016年《关于实施健康扶贫工程的指导意见》发布以来的健康扶贫政策进行分析,分析在健康扶贫决胜阶段的政策侧重点,为我国健康扶贫后续政策的完善提供参考。方法:选取2016年该意见发布以来国家层面颁布的包含健康扶贫内容的37篇政策文件,基于政策工具和健康扶贫作用机制两个维度进行文本量化分析。结果:供给型政策工具和环境型政策工具使用较多,占比分别为55.61%(109/196)和42.35%(83/196);需求型政策工具占比极少,仅占2.04%(4/196)。在健康扶贫作用机制维度上,经济抗贫能力工具占比25.51%(50/196),健康抗贫能力工具指标占比55.10%(108/196),行政管理保障工具占比19.39%(38/196)。结论:我国健康扶贫政策工具总体分配不均衡,政策的可持续发展前景不理想。

Objective:To analyze the health poverty alleviation policies since the"guidance on implementing health poverty alleviation project"was released in 2016.To explore the policy focus of China's health poverty alleviation in the decisive stage,so as to provide a reference for the follow-up policy improvement of China's health poverty alleviation.Methods:37 policies concerning health poverty alleviation issued at the national level since the publish of the project in 2016 were selected for text quantitative analysis from two dimensions:basic policy tools and mechanism of health poverty alleviation.Results:Supply-type environmental policy tools were used more frequently,accounting for 55.61%(109/196)and 42.35%(83/196),respectively,while demand-type tools accounted for only 2.04%(4/196).In terms of the mechanism of health poverty alleviation,economic anti-poverty capability tools accounted for 25.51%(50/196),health anti-poverty capability tools accounted for 55.10%(108/196),and administrative management guarantee tools accounted for 19.39%(38/196).Conclusion:In this period,the overall distribution of health poverty alleviation policy tools is unbalanced,and the prospect of sustainable development of the policy is not ideal.