离心纺丝法制备PTFE/PVA复合微/纳米纤维膜

Preparation of PTFE/PVA composite micro/nano fiber membrane by centrifugal spinning

以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)乳液和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,用离心纺丝法制备出PTFE/PVA复合纤维膜前驱体,再通过高温烧结成形,制得一系列PTFE/PVA复合微/纳米纤维膜。研究了共混纺丝液中PVA的质量分数对纺丝效果的影响以及烧结温度、烧结时间的变化对复合纤维膜的结构和性能的影响,对纤维膜的微观形貌和结构进行了表征,并测试了纤维膜的水接触角、孔径、力学性能。结果表明:当纺丝液中PVA的质量分数为7%时,离心纺丝制得的纤维膜形态最好,粗细较为均匀,且直径分布范围较窄;经过高温烧结,复合纤维膜表面粗糙度均提高,疏水性增强,平均孔径和力学性能随着处理温度和处理时间的变化而波动;当烧结温度为370℃,烧结时间为20 min时,所得膜拉伸强度较高,且断裂伸长率也保持了相对较高的水平。

The polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)emulsion and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)were used as raw materials to prepare PTFE/PVA composite membrane precursor by a centrifugal spinning method.Then,a series of PTFE/PVA composite micro/nano fiber membranes were prepared by high-temperature sintering.The effects of the mass fraction of PVA in the blend spinning solution on the spinning effect and the effects of changes in sintering temperature and sintering time on the structure and properties of the fiber membrane were studied.The micromorphology and structure of the fiber membrane were characterized.Besides,the water contact angle,pore size,and mechanical properties of the fiber membrane were tested.The results show that when the mass fraction of PVA in the blended spinning solution was 7%,the fiber membrane obtained by the centrifugal spinning had the best morphology.Meanwhile,the thickness of the fiber was more uniform and the diameter distribution range was narrower.After high temperature sintering,the surface roughness of the composite fiber membrane was increased;the hydrophobicity was enhanced;the average pore size and mechanical properties fluctuate changed with the change of processing temperature and processing time.When the sintering temperature was 370℃and the sintering time was 20 min,the tensile strength of the prepared film was high,and the elongation at break also maintained a relatively high level.