电弧增材制造综述:技术流派与展望

Review of Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing:Technology Genre and Prospect

电弧增材制造由于其高堆积速率、高材料利用率、低设备费用及具有制造大型构件的能力而吸引着研究人员的关注。结合外形控制及材料质量控制两个技术流派,回顾了电弧增材制造技术的研究脉络。首先,从前处理(轨迹优化类)、堆积过程(在线控制类)及后处理(复合减材制造类)对相关研究进行了详细的阐述,展示了当前电弧增材制造件外形控制的基本技术路线;接着,从热加工(在线热轧类)、冷加工(冷轧类)、表面处理类及电弧增材制造变型类等几方面阐述了当前材料质量控制常用的几种方法策略;最后,对电弧增材制造技术未来发展方向进行了展望,提出了一些未来研究的目标。

Wire and arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has attracted attention from researchers due to its high deposition rate,high material utilization,low equipment costs,and the ability to manufacture large components.This article reviewed the research of WAAM technology from the aspects of the shape control and material quality control.In the aspect of the shape control,the related research was illustrated in detail from the pre-processing(the trajectory optimization),the deposition process(the on-line control)and the post-processing(compound subtractive manufacturing),which demonstrated the basic technology route of the current shape control of WAAM.Besides,the material quality control expounded several methods and strategies commonly from the aspects of hot working(the on-line hot rolling),cold working(cold rolling),surface treatment,and variants of WAAM.Finally,this paper gave a technical outlook on the future development areas of WAAM,and put forward some future research goals.