环境规制能否有效驱动高质量发展?——基于人力资本视角的理论与经验分析

Can Environmental Regulation Effectively Drive High Quality Development?——Theoretical and Empirical Analysis based on Human Capital Perspective

在加强生态文明建设和扩大就业的背景下,环境规制能否同时实现环境保护、绿色就业与高质量发展等多重目标已成为亟待解决的重大问题。构建一种操作便捷的高质量发展评价指标,将其分解为结构效应、技术效应及规制效应,在统一框架内剖析环境规制影响高质量发展的人力资本机制,并使用联立方程空间自回归模型和省际面板数据进行检验,探究在各类人力资本因素调节下环境规制对高质量发展的非线性效应。研究发现:(1)环境规制能通过人力资本积累、产业结构升级、节能减排技术创新等途径影响高质量发展。(2)环境规制通过与人力资本溢价的动态匹配,能进一步推动产业结构升级和节能减排技术创新,助益高质量发展。(3)环境规制在人力资本因素调节下对高质量发展存在非线性影响。总体而言,人力资本因素的改善有利于充分发挥环境规制对高质量发展的倒逼效应;提升人力资本质量是当前调控人力资本因素、释放环境规制高质量发展效应的政策重点。(4)中国高质量发展存在显著为正的空间溢出效应,地方政府在环境问题中缺乏协同治理,削弱了这种空间溢出效应,因此全局层面的高质量发展有较大提升空间。充分激发环境规制的人力资本积累效应,从单纯注重人力资本"量"的扩张转向"质"的提升,实现区域协同治理,这对有效改善环境规制的高质量发展效应至关重要。

Under the background of strengthening ecological civilization construction and expanding employment, can environmental regulation achieve multiple goals of environmental protection, green employment and high-quality development simultaneously?This has become a major issue that needs to be resolved urgently. A high-quality development evaluation index with convenient operation was constructed, and decomposed into structural effect, technical effect and regulatory effect. Under the unified framework, the human capital mechanism that environmental regulation affects high quality development was explored, and the simultaneous equation spatial autoregressive model and provincial panel data were used to test the theoretical hypothesis. Finally,the nonlinear effects of environmental regulation on high quality development under the adjustment of different types of human capital factors were explored. The research found that:(1)Environmental regulation can affect high quality development through human capital accumulation, industrial structure upgrading, and energy-saving and emission reduction technology innovation.(2)Environmental regulation, through dynamic matching with the human capital premium, can promote industrial structure upgrading and energy-saving and emission reduction technology innovation, thereby contributing to high-quality development.(3) Environmental regulation has a nonlinear effect on high quality development under the adjustment of human capital factors. Overall, the improvement of human capital factors is conducive to giving full play to the positive effects of environmental regulation on high quality development. Improving the quality of human capital is key to the current regulation of human capital factors and the release of high-quality development effects of environmental regulation.(4)There is a significant positive spatial spillover effect in China’s high quality development. Local governments lack collaborative governance in environmental issues, which has weakened this space spillover effect. Therefore, there is a large room for improvement in the high-quality development at the global level. Thus, fully stimulating the accumulation of human capital in environmental regulation, shifting from focusing solely on the "quantity" expansion of human capital to "qualitative" improvement, and achieving regional coordinated governance are essential to effectively improving the high-quality development effects of environmental regulation.