区块链赋能突发事件应急物资保障系统探析

Analysis on Emergency Material Support System Enabled by Blockchain

就流转架构和信息机制而言,中国突发事件应急物资保障系统依然奉行集中模式,这种自上而下和单点辐射的管理思维阻碍了应急物资的高效管理和精准配送,亟待改革。改革的方向是按照十九届四中全会科技支撑国家治理能力现代化的思路,顺应应急物资流转的网络化特征,建立扁平式的统一供应链系统,并将区块链嵌入供应链系统,利用区块链算法实现链下链上信息沟通,促使应急物资信息公开透明、真实、完整、共享和可追溯。联盟区块链可以对网络节点的权限进行区分,保证主管机构在其中的主导作用,实现对应急物资的精准追溯,纳入监督机关或民众以构成对"公共资产"分配的多重监管,形成优质大数据,以供主管机构在突发事件决策和统计信息时作为依据。

The circulation structure and information mechanism of majorepidemic situationemergency materials guarantee system in our country still pursue a centralized mode. This top-down and single-point radiation management thinking hinders the efficient management and accurate distribution of emergency materials, which needs to be reformed urgently. The direction of the reform is to establish a flat supply chain system according to the idea of science and technology supporting the modernization of national governance capacity at the 4 th Plenary Session of the 19 th CPC Central Committee, and to adapt to the network characteristics of the flow of emergency materials, and to embed the blockchain into the supply chain system. The blockchain algorithm is used to realize the information communication on the chain, so as to make the information of emergency materials transparent, true, complete,shared and traceable. The blockchain can distinguish the authority of the network node, ensure the leading role of the competent authority, achieve accurate traceability of emergency supplies,include the supervision organ or individual to form the supervision over the distribution of "public assets", and form a high-quality big data, which can be used as a basis for the competent authority in emergency decision-making and statistical information.