中国民法典所设不动产物权登记之我见

Some Opinions on the Registration of the Property Right of Immovable in Chinese Civil Code

中国民法典对不动产物权登记赋予公信力,有权利正确性推定的效力。登记机构对于不动产登记负有勤勉注意的义务,对于登记错误承担国家赔偿责任。不动产物权登记的公信力适用于交易领域,非交易领域应当采用实事求是原则。申请强制执行的财产若为交易债权的标的物则适用公信原则,若非为交易债权的标的物则不应适用公信原则,而采用实事求是原则。不动产物权变动与其原因行为相区分可取,但其不同于物权行为与其原因行为相区分,不是对物权行为理论的承认。不动产权属证书具有证据效力,此种权属证书记载的事项应当与不动产登记簿的记载相一致,若不一致时以不动产登记簿的记载为准,当然存在例外。

The Chinese Civil Code gives the public credibility to the registration of the prop-erty right of immovable,thus the registration has the effect of presumption of correctness of the right.The registration authority has the duty of diligent attention for the registration of immova-ble,and shall be liable for state compensation to the victim due to errors made in registration.The public credibility of the registration of the property right of immovable only applies to the field of transaction,while in the field of non-transaction the principle of seeking truth from facts should be adopted.If the property applied for enforcement is the object of the creditor’s right that derives from transaction,the principle of public credibility shall be applied;otherwise the principle of seeking truth from facts shall be adopted.It is advisable to distinguish the change of the property right of immovable from the juristic act which causes the change,but it is different from the distinction between the juristic act of property right and its causal juristic act,thus it does not adopt the theory of the juristic act of property right.The right attribution certificate of immovable has the effect of proof.The items recorded in the right attribution certificate of immov-able shall be consistent with what is recorded in the register of immovable;in case of inconsisten-cy,what is recorded in the register of immovable shall prevail,unless there exist exceptions.