论认罪认罚程序中的被追诉人同意

On Defendant Consent in the Procedure of Pleading Guilty and Accepting Punishments with Leniency

在我国,认罪认罚并非控辩协商的结果,而是被追诉人对指控事实、量刑建议及程序适用的同意。将认罪认罚界定为同意的价值有三:凸显被追诉人的诉讼主体地位;维护被追诉人的合法利益;增强被追诉人应对多元复杂程序的能力。被追诉人有效同意需要同时具备四个要件:一为同意能力,被追诉人应当具有理解、评判、决策与沟通能力;二为知情同意,被追诉人的同意应当建立在对案件信息的全面了解与掌握之上;三为自愿同意,被追诉人认罪认罚的意思表示应当是自由作出的;四为同意意向性,被追诉人认罪认罚的意向在于获得从宽处理。以此标准审视,为保障被追诉人同意有效性,尚需要从三个方面进行调整与完善:进一步规范检察机关的权利告知程序;在审查起诉环节建构证据开示程序;为值班律师提供更为宽松、便利的履职环境。

In China,pleading guilty is not the result of negotiation between prosecution and defense,but the defendant’s consent to the facts of accusation,sentencing proposal and proce-dure application.There are three values in the definition of confession as consent:highlighting the subject status of the defendant;safeguarding the legitimate interests of the defendant;and en-hancing the ability of the defendant to deal with complex procedures.Effective consent requires four elements at the same time:first,consent ability,the defendant should have the ability to un-derstand,judge,make decisions and communicate;second,informed consent,which should be based on a comprehensive understanding and mastery of the information of the case;third,volun-tary consent,which means the defendant’s intention to plead guilty and punish should be made freely;fourth,consent intention,the defendant’s confession The intention of admitting punish-ment is to obtain leniency.According to this standard,the following adjustments and improve-ments are needed to guarantee the validity of the defendant’s consent:further standardizing the procedure of notification of the rights of the procuratorial organ;constructing the procedure of evi-dence discovery in the process of examination and prosecution;providing a more relaxed and con-venient environment for duty lawyers to perform their duties.