原卟啉原氧化酶(PPO)抑制剂对水葫芦的影响和安全性评估

Effects of Protoporphyrin Prooxidase Inhibitors on Water Hyacinth Removal and Safety Assessment

【目的】水葫芦是我国重大外来入侵生物之一,其综合防治研究具有十分重要的意义。期望通过考察不同类型的原卟啉原氧化酶(PPO)抑制剂对水葫芦不同部位的影响,筛选合适的水葫芦抑制剂,并对该类抑制剂进行水体安全性评估,为水葫芦的化学防治提供理论基础和数据支撑。【方法】通过盆栽实验分别考察氟磺胺草醚、乙氧氟草醚、丙炔氟草胺和苯嘧磺草胺对水葫芦鲜质量、分蘖、叶面、叶柄、根长和新根的影响,考察其对水葫芦的综合防效;分别考察这4种抑制剂对四尾栅藻生长速率的影响,根据其应急毒性和半抑制浓度评估对抑制剂进行安全性评估。【结果】首先,草胺类PPO抑制剂丙炔氟草胺和苯嘧磺草胺对水葫芦的鲜质量、分蘖、根长、新根、叶面和叶柄的防效均强于二苯醚类抑制剂氟磺胺草醚和乙氧氟草醚;其次,施加氟磺胺草醚后30 d,水葫芦的枯叶指数和枯柄指数分别只有65.4%和44.0%,反而低于第20天的77.6%和48.9%,表现出一定的返青现象;再次,施加乙氧氟草醚、丙炔氟草胺和苯嘧磺草胺30 d后对水葫芦枯叶和枯柄防效均达到了100%;最后,当抑制剂浓度为3.0 mg/L时,氟磺胺草醚、乙氧氟草醚、丙炔氟草胺和苯嘧磺草胺对四尾栅藻的生长抑制率分别为73.0%、75.7%、27.0%和16.2%。【结果】结果显示,相比二苯醚类PPO抑制剂,草胺类抑制剂对水葫芦的防效更好,毒性更低。

[Objective]Comprehensive control of water hyacinth is of great significance,which is one of the most important invasive organisms in China.[Methods]These experiments were to investigate the effects of protoporphyrin prooxidase(PPO)inhibitors on different positions of water hyacinth.The control effects of inhibitors,such as fluorosulfonate,ethoxyfluoroether,propylenefluoroxachlor and benzosulfuramide were investigated,and a safety assessment was conducted so as order to provide theoretical basis and data support for chemical control of water hyacinth.[Results]First,the control effects of propylenefluoroxachlor and benzosulfuramide on fresh weight,tillering,root system leaf surface and petiole were higher than those of fluorosulfonate and ethoxyfluoroether.Second,the leaf index and dry shank index were 65.43% and 43.98% 30 days after applying fluorosulfonate,which were lower than those 20 days after the application,i.e.77.62% and 48.85%.Third,the control effects of ethoxyfluoroether,propylenefluoroxachlor and benzosulfuramide on leaf surface and petiole reached 100% 30 days after application.Lastly,at the concentration of 3.0 mg/L,fluorosulfonate,ethoxyfluoroether,propylenefluoroxachlor and benzosulfuramide decreased the growth rate of Scenedesmus quadricauda by 73.0%,75.7%,27.0% and 16.2%,respectively.[Conclusion]Experimental results proved that Achlor herbicides had much more efficiency and lower toxicity than diphenyl ether herbicides for comprehensive control of water hyacinth.