头孢菌素C的生物合成及其调控

The Biosynthesis of Cephalosporin C and Its Regulation

基于头孢菌素C来源的头孢类抗生素是临床上广泛使用的抗感染药物.头孢菌素C由丝状真菌-顶头孢霉所产生.经过几十年的传统诱变育种,工业上头孢菌素C的产量已经有了大幅度的提高,然而人们对顶头孢霉形态分化、生理特性以及头孢菌素生物合成与调控的认识还相当有限.随着分子生物学以及组学技术的出现,人们对顶头孢霉的了解也逐渐深入,目前已基本阐明头孢菌素C的生物合成途径,并对其调控机制有了初步了解.就顶头孢霉中头孢菌素C的生物合成途径、分子调控机制以及生产菌株的理性改造等方面进行综述,希望能够帮助读者加深对本领域研究的了解,并对未来工作进行了展望.

The antibiotics derived from cephalosporin C are widely used against bacterial infection in clinic.Cephalosporin C is produced by the filamentous fungus Acremonium chrysogenum(syn.Cephalosporium acremonium).Through traditional mutation breeding for decades,the production of cephalosporin C has been greatly increased in industrial application.However,the morphological differentiation,physiological characteristics,the biosynthesis of cephalosporin C and its regulation are poorly understood in A.chrysogenum.With the development of molecular biology and omics,the biosynthetic pathway of cephalosporin C has been revealed and its regulation mechanism has been studied.In this review,the biosynthetic pathway of cephalosporin C and its regulation in A.chrysogenum,and rational breeding approaches of cephalosporin C producing strains are introduced.Finally,the outlook in this field is proposed.