粤港澳大湾区入境旅游共生关系研究

Research on the Symbiotic Development of Inbound Tourism in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

探究区域入境旅游共生关系的纵向演替过程与特征,有助于促进对入境旅游协作发展方向的认知,推进区域旅游对外开放走向理想状态。利用共生度模型探讨粤港澳大湾区入境旅游共生关系的协调演化过程,研究表明:(1)近20年来粤港澳大湾区入境旅游形成了整体密切但演化复杂的正向非对称互惠共生关系,粤港入境旅游共生体总体呈现正向非对称互惠于粤的共生关系,粤澳入境旅游共生体处于正向非对称互惠于澳的共生关系,港澳入境旅游共生体处于正向非对称互惠于澳的共生关系;(2)在大多数年份,粤港澳大湾区入境旅游人数和旅游外汇收入等两主质参量在特征共生度和共生系数上保持着相同的演变趋势;(3)粤和澳成为粤港澳大湾区入境旅游发展中影响力提升较快、受惠最大的城市(群),反映出了前期港对粤、澳的旅游经济扩散与涓滴作用。近年来,旅游经济集聚发展的粤和澳进一步影响香港入境旅游发展,印证了粤港澳大湾区入境旅游共生关系整体走向了更高的层次,有利于进一步走向“共赢”。

Exploring the process and characteristics of the longitudinal succession of regional inbound tourism symbiosis is helpful to promote the cognition of the direction of inbound tourism cooperation development and promote the regional tourism opening to the outside world to the ideal state.The symbiosis model is used to explore the coordinated evolution of symbiosis of inbound tourism in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area.The research shows that:First,the development of inbound tourism in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area is obviously highly correlated,and the three inbound tourism symbionts form an overall close but complex positive asymmetric mutualism relationship.Over the past 20 years,Guangdong and Macao with rapid development of inbound tourism areas,should recognize that spread in Guangdong.Hong Kong and Macao's tourism economy and the leading role is stronger,which makes the full release in the tourism cooperation of Guangdong and Macao tourism resource endowment and development potential,and pulls the both in the number of inbound tourism and tourist foreign exchange income growth.Second,a large bay area of Guangdong three inbound tourism symbionts in the number of inbound tourism and tourist foreign exchange symbiotic evolution degree of the two main quality parameters such as the evolution trend of the performance for most years remain the same,in individual years such as 2001,2008,2013-2014.The difference and relation is because 2001 was more affected by the"9·11"incident,affected by the Beijing Olympic Games and the financial crisis in 2008,and 2013-2014 was affected by the appreciation of the Renminbi and environmental factors.As a result,the symbiosis between inbound tourist symbionts shows different symbiosis in the same year.Third,the evolution of symbiotic coefficient of the three major parameters of inbound tourism cohabitation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,including the number of inbound tourists and tourism foreign exchange,shows that the symbiotic relationship keeps the same evolution trend in most years.The inbound tourism symbiosis of Guangdong and Hong Kong shows that the tourism development of Guangdong and Hong Kong influences and drives each other in the early stage,and then turns to Hong Kong to drive the inbound tourism development of Guangdong.In the middle stage,Guangdong supports the inbound tourism development of Hong Kong.In recent years,the inbound tourism market of Guangdong has expanded significantly,which starts to drive the inbound tourism development of Hong Kong.The symbiosis of inbound tourism in Guangdong and Macao shows that the inbound tourism in Macao has been developed in the early stage,and there are alternations between Guangdong and Macao in the middle stage.In recent years,the tourism influence of Macao has been further expanded.The symbiosis of inbound tourism in Hong Kong and Macao shows that Macao and Hong Kong complement and assist each other successively in the development of inbound tourism.The cycle of mutual assistance is roughly 3-4 years,and the tourism interaction between Hong Kong and Macao is more obvious,stable and symbiotic.Fourth,in the past 20 years,Guangdong and Macao have become the two regions with the greatest influence,development and benefits in the symbiotic development of inbound tourism in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.It also reflects the diffusion and trickle effect of Hong Kong's tourism economy to Guangdong and Macao.In recent years,the continuous development of tourism in Guangdong and Macao has begun to further affect the development of inbound tourism in Hong Kong,which further proves that the symbiotic relationship of inbound tourism in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has reached a higher level and is conducive to the formation of a"win-win"effect.On the whole,since the tourism cooperation between Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao,the tourism development conditions in the region have been significantly improved under the influence of market economy and a lot of preferential policies.The implementation of CEPA in 2002 led to the rapid development of tourism interaction between Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao.Eleven years later,the vision outline of regional tourism cooperation between Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao preliminarily lays out the interactive cooperation framework of tourism among the three places,presenting high-quality tourism resources and scenic spots with regional characteristics and diverse cultures to inbound tourists.At the beginning of 2019,the outline of the development plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has put forward the requirements for the three places to build a world leisure bay area and a world-class tourist destination.It can be seen that under the symbiotic environment of rapid development of policy,market and society,the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has formed an increasingly stable and sustainable symbiotic interface,with the three regions relying on each other,influencing each other,promoting each other and developing together.