关于我国公序良俗原则司法适用的法理思考

On China’s Law Principle of Public Order and Customs Inuring to the Benefit of Jurisprudence

公序良俗原则是我国《民法总则》中的一项重要原则。我国公序良俗原则司法适用范围广泛,主要体现在判断民事法律行为的效力、侵权行为非法性以及解决侵犯人格权与名誉权纠纷、继承赡养纠纷、物权纠纷等方面。目前,我国公序良俗原则的司法适用存在诸多难题:概念界定不明确,仅被法院作为增强裁判说服力的工具;不探求适用条件,借助公序良俗原则向一般条款逃逸;不同主体认知不同,判断标准不统一;类型化研究不透彻,同案不同判现象严重;等等。为了进一步理顺公序良俗原则的司法适用问题,应当做好公序良俗原则的界定、规范公序良俗原则适用的基本条件、规制公序良俗原则司法适用的类型化、明确违反公序良俗原则的判断标准。

The Law Principle of Public Order and Customs(interpreted as the Principle below) is an important principle set in the General Principles of Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China. The Principle inures to a large range of benefit of jurisprudence, which mainly is reflected in judging effective force of civil legal behaviors and illegalities of infringements, and dealing with distributes in infringements of right of personality and reputation, right of inheritance and support, and right of properties. At present, the jurisprudential inurement of the Principle is still vague in its conception and definition and it is only used as a tool for the court to enhance judgemental persuasiveness. The Principle, without being sought for its applying conditions, is utilized to apply to case as common principle. At the same time, the different cognition based on individuals, disunited standards in judgement, lack of deep understanding in specified research, and same case with different judgement, consist of its hard inurement. In order to make it clear the jurisprudent inurement of the Principle, China should clearly define the Principle, standardize the basic conditions that the Principle applies to, enact the specific applied principles and standards on deciding the violation of the Principle.