不同种源野杏无性系定量描述性状的变异及其分类

Study on quantitative descriptive traits of Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu clones from different provenances

【目的】探究不同种源野杏无性系定量性状的变异特点及遗传稳定性,为野杏优特无性系选育提供理论参考。【方法】以122个野杏无性系为试验材料,采用变异分析、主成分分析和聚类分析方法对其25个定量描述性状进行系统研究。【结果】野杏无性系25个定量描述性状的变异系数均值为19%,其中22个性状的变异系数在10%以上,变异系数最大的是小枝长度(67%),不同种源野杏种群的变异系数以会宁县为最大(25%),以霍城县为最小(13%)。25个性状的重复力差异均达到了极显著水平,其中单核质量的重复力最大(0.991)。所提取的6个主成分累积贡献率达80.42%,能够反映野杏无性系定量描述性状的大部分信息。通过聚类分析将122个野杏无性系划分为5类。其中,Ⅰ类表现为小枝长势弱,出仁率最小;Ⅱ类表现为出仁率最大;Ⅲ类表现为小枝长势好,出核率最大;Ⅳ类表现为叶片长势好,叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、叶柄粗均最大;Ⅴ类表现为果、核、仁长势最好,单果质量、单核质量、单仁质量均最大。各类均可作为野杏不同育种目标的亲本材料。【结论】不同种源野杏无性系定量描述性状变异程度丰富,选择潜力大,有利于野杏优特类型选育;各性状重复力差异极显著,各无性系遗传原株优良性状优势明显;主成分分析结果反映了野杏无性系定量性状的大部分信息;通过聚类分析将野杏无性系划分为5类,均可作为选育高出核率及特殊果、核、仁类型的亲本种质资源。

【Objective】In order toprovide theoretical basis for selection and breeding of superior Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu clones,we explored main quantitative descriptive traits of characteristics variationand genetic stability of Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu clones from different provenances.【Method】122 Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu clones were selected as research materials,and 25 quantitative descriptive traits were studied by means of variation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】The results showed that the average variation coefficient of 25 quantitative description traits was 19%and the variation coefficients of 22 quantitative description traits was above 12%.The variation coefficient of branchlet length was the largest(67%).The largestvariation coefficient was in Huining(25%),and the smallest was in Huocheng(13%).The difference of 25 quantitative descriptive traits reached extremely significant difference,and the repeatability of single nutlet mass was the largest(0.991).The cumulative contribution rate of extractedsix principal components was 80.42%,which reflected most of the quantitative descriptive traits.The results of cluster analysis showed that 122 clones were classified into 5 groups.The growth of branchlets was weak and kernel rate was the lowest in GroupⅠ.The kernel rate was the highest in GroupⅡ.The growth of branchlets was good and nutlet rate was the highest in GroupⅢ.The growth of leaves was good,leaf length,leaf width,petiole length and petiole diameter were the largest in GroupⅣ.The growth of fruit,nutlet and kernel was the best,single fruit weight,single nutlet weight and single kernel weight were the heaviest in GroupⅤ.All groups could be used as parent materials for different breeding objectives ofArmeniaca vulgaris var.ansu.【Conclusion】Quantitative descriptive traits in Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu clones from different provenanceshad rich in variation degree and great selection potential,which was conducive to the selection of special type of Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu clones;the repeatability variation of each character was very significant,and the original good charactersadvantages of each clone was obvious;the results of principal component analysis reflected most information of quantitative descriptive traits;Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu clones were divided into five groups by cluster analysis,which could be used to select parent germplasm resources with higher nutlet rateand special types of fruit,nutletand kernel.