施肥对不同岩性土壤上棕榈幼苗根系生长及生物量积累的影响

Effects of fertilization on root growth and biomass of young Trachycarpus fortune(Hook.)H.Wendl.seedlings in different lithological soils

【目的】为给不同岩性土壤上棕榈幼树的科学施肥提供参考依据。【方法】分别以由纯质灰岩、灰质白云岩和砂页岩发育而成的B层土壤为栽培基质,栽植3年生棕榈苗木,设计氮、磷、钾3因素4水平的正交施肥试验方案,共设16个施肥处理,以不施肥作为对照,就不同施肥处理对不同岩性土壤上棕榈苗根系形态指标、生物量及其分配的影响情况进行了试验研究。【结果】1)不同施肥处理对不同岩性土壤上棕榈苗各根系指标及生物量的影响差异均显著。在16个施肥处理组合中,就不同配比肥的施用效果而言,由纯质灰岩发育而成的石灰土和由砂页岩发育而成的黄壤上棕榈苗的各根系指标值和生物量,均以N2P1K2(施尿素21.645g/株、钙镁磷肥0g/株、硫酸钾肥19.608g/株)处理的为最高;由白云质灰岩发育而成的石灰土上棕榈苗的各根系指标值和生物量,则均以N2P2K1(施尿素21.645g/株、钙镁磷肥62.5g/株、硫酸钾肥0g/株)处理的为最高。2)对不同岩性土壤上棕榈苗各根系指标的隶属函数综合值的极差分析结果表明,对由纯质灰岩发育而成的石灰土上棕榈苗根系发育和生物量积累的施用效果均最优的施肥处理方案是N2P4K1(施尿素21.645g/株、钙镁磷肥125g/株、硫酸钾肥0g/株),其中,N的影响最大,P的影响次之;对白云质灰岩发育而成的石灰土上棕榈苗根系发育和生物量积累的施用效果均最优的施肥处理方案是N1P2K4(施尿素0g/株、钙镁磷肥62.5g/株、硫酸钾肥39.216g/株),其中,P的影响最大,N的影响次之;对由砂页岩发育而成的黄壤上棕榈苗根系发育和生物量积累的施用效果均最优的施肥处理方案是N2P4K2(施尿素21.645g/株、钙镁磷肥125g/株、硫酸钾肥19.608g/株),其中,N的影响最大,K的影响次之。【结论】施肥可促进棕榈苗根系的发育和生物量的积累,而能有效促进不同岩性土壤上棕榈苗根系生长和生物量分配的最适配方是不同的。在16个施肥处理组合中,可促进栽培于由纯质灰岩发育而成的石灰土和由砂页岩发育而成的黄壤上的棕榈苗根系生长及生物量积累的最适施肥处理方案均为N2P1K2,而可促进栽培于由白云质灰岩发育而成的石灰土上的棕榈苗根系生长及生物量积累的最适施肥处理方案则为N2P2K1。可促进由纯质灰岩发育而成的石灰土、由白云质灰岩发育而成的石灰土和由砂页岩发育而成的黄壤上棕榈苗根系生长及生物量积累的最优施肥处理方案分别是N2P4K1、N1P2K4、N2P4K2;而最优施肥处理方案都不在所设计的16个施肥处理组合之中。

【Objective】To provide reference for scientific fertilization of young Trachycarpus.fortunei seedlings on different lithology soil was targeted.【Method】Three-year-old T.fortunei seedlings were planted in the soil of layer B,which was composed of pure limestone,calcareous dolomite and sand shale.The orthogonal fertilization experiment was designed with three factors and four levels of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.A total of 16 fertilization treatments were set up,with no fertilization as the control.The effects of different fertilization treatments on root morphological indexes,biomass and distribution of T.fortunei seedlings in different lithologic soils were studied.【Result】1)The effects of different fertilization treatments on root indexes and biomass of T.fortunei seedlings were significant.In 16 groups of fertilization treatments,the root indexes values and biomass of T.fortunei seedlings on calcareous soil developed from pure limestone and yellow soil developed from sand shale were the highest in N2P1K2(urea 21.645 g/plant,calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 0 g/plant,potassium sulfate 19.608 g/plant).The results showed that N2P2K1(21.645 g/plant of urea,62.5 g/plant of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0 g/plant of potassium sulfate)were the highest for the root indexes values and biomass of T.fortunei seedlings on calcareous soil developed from dolomitic limestone.2)The range analysis of the comprehensive values of the subordinate functions of the root indexes of the T.fortunei seedlings on the soil with different lithology showed that N2P4K1(urea 21.645 g,calcium magnesium phosphate 125 g and potassium sulfate 0)was the best fertilization scheme for the root development and biomass accumulation of T.fortunei seedling on calcareous soil developed from pure limestone.The results showed that N was the most important factor,followed by P,N1P2K4(urea 0 g/plant,calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 62.5 g/plant,potassium sulfate 39.216)was the best fertilization scheme for the root development and biomass accumulation of T.fortunei seedling on calcareous soil developed from dolomitic limestone.The results showed that the effect of P was the largest,followed by N,N2P4K2(urea fertilizer 21.645 g/plant,calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 125 g/plant,potassium sulfate fertilizer 19.608 g/plant)was the best fertilization scheme for the root development and biomass accumulation of T.fortunei seedling on yellow soil developed from sand shale,among which,the effect of N was the largest,followed by K.【Conclusion】Fertilization can promote the root development and biomass accumulation of T.fortunei seedlings.Among 16 fertilization treatments,N2P1K2 was the most suitable formula for root system development and biomass accumulation of palm seedlings on calcareous soil developed from pure limestone and yellow soil developed from sandy shale,while N2P2K 1 was the best formula for promoting root development and biomass accumulation of palm seedlings on calcareous soil developed from dolomitic limestone.The results showed that N2P4K1,N1P2K4 and N2P4K2 were the best schemes for root system development and biomass accumulation of T.fortunei seedlings on calcareous soil developed from pure limestone,calcareous soil developed from dolomitic limestone and yellow soil developed from sand shale,respectively.However,the optimal fertilization scheme was not included in the 16 treatments designed.