脑小血管病影像特征及其与认知功能的关系

The Imaging Features of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Its Relationship with Cognitive Function

脑小血管病(CSVD)是由脑小动脉、微动脉、小静脉和毛细血管病变导致的临床、病理和影像学综合征,临床表现存在静寂现象,发病隐匿而不易识别。随着影像学技术的发展,CSVD的检出率逐年提高,影像学主要表现为近期皮质下梗死、血管源性腔隙、血管起源的白质高信号、血管周围间隙扩大、脑微出血以及脑萎缩等特征。研究表明,CSVD可导致注意力、执行功能、信息加工速度、视空间等认知功能损害,甚至诱发痴呆。本文就CSVD的神经影像学特征及其与认知功能的关系作一综述,旨在为临床治疗提供参考。

Cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)is a clinical,pathological and imaging syndrome caused by cerebral arterioles,arterioles,venules,and capillaries.The clinical manifestations are silent,and the onset is hidden and difficult to identify.With the development of imaging technology,the detection rate of CSVD is increasing year by year.Imaging mainly manifests as recent subcortical infarction,vascular-derived lacuna,vascular-derived white matter hyperintensity,perivascular space expansion,cerebral microhemorrhage,and brain atrophy and other features.Studies have shown that CSVD can cause damage to cognitive functions such as attention,executive function,information processing speed,visual space,and even induce dementia.This article reviews the neuroimaging characteristics of CSVD and its relationship with cognitive function,aiming to provide reference for clinical treatment.