关于我国大田滴灌未来发展的思考

Discussion of the future development of field drip irrigation in China

滴灌是当今世界上公认的最先进的精量灌溉技术之一。依托中国工程院院士咨询研究项目“中国大田滴灌发展战略研究”,系统梳理了滴灌技术在国内外的发展历史。阐明了对我国大田滴灌的总体认识;结合新疆滴灌节水技术发展过程,从区域发展、自动化程度、系统能耗、管理标准规范、水肥利用效率及残膜污染等方面深刻剖析了我国大田滴灌发展存在的问题;提出了我国大田滴灌发展建议:制定分区分级分步骤发展规划,创新发展滴灌信息化和自动化关键技术及设备,因地制宜发展自压滴灌,滴灌技术应向标准化、规范化方向发展,提高滴灌系统水肥利用效率及推动实现膜下滴灌生态可持续等;形成了滴灌技术分区发展与工程建设、灌排管网一体化及自动化协同建设、规模化自压自动化滴灌系统科技攻关及工程建设、长期滴灌节水增效与生态可持续研究等适合我国大田滴灌发展战略。为促进滴灌技术可持续发展,支撑“节水优先”思想,落实国家节水行动提供一定思路和支撑。

Drip irrigation is one of the most advanced precision irrigation technologies in the world.Based on the consulting research project of academician of China Engineering Academy“Research on the Development Strategy of Field Drip Irrigation in China”,after a two and a half years of research,the development history of domestic and international drip irrigation technology was systematically reviewed,and the general cognition of field drip irrigation in China was clarified.Combined with the development process of drip irrigation water-saving technology in Xinjiang,the problems existing in the development of drip irrigation in China were analyzed in the following aspects:unbalanced regional development,low automation degree,high energy consumption,lack of effective management standards and norms,low utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer,and serious residue-film pollution.Five suggestions for the development of field drip irrigation in China were put forward:(1)Formulate the development plan by areas,levels,and steps;(2)Innovate and develop the key technologies and equipment of drip irrigation informatization and automation;(3)Develop self-pressure drip irrigation according to local conditions;(4)Develop drip irrigation technology towards standardization and normalization;(5)Improve the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency with drip irrigation system and promote the ecological sustainability of drip irrigation under mulch.Four development strategies of field drip irrigation in China were formed,including regional development and engineering construction of drip irrigation technology,integration and automation collaborative construction of irrigation and drainage pipe network,scientific problem tackling and engineering construction of large-scale self-pressure automatic drip irrigation system,and long-term research on water-saving efficiency and ecological sustainability of drip irrigation.The results provided some ideas and support for promoting the sustainable development of drip irrigation technology,supporting the idea of“water saving priority”and implementing national water-saving action.