数据驱动学校治理现代化的逻辑框架与实践探索

The Logical Framework and Practical Exploration of School Governance Modernization in the Era of Big Data

大数据时代,数据作为一种有效的治理工具,对加速实现学校治理现代化具有重要价值。数据驱动的学校治理现代化就是通过追踪教育主体和教育业务产生的教育数据,透视学校发展的潜在问题,以数据变革治理范式,精准制定治理目标,最终实现学校治理体系和治理能力的现代化。在理论层面,数据驱动学校治理现代化的逻辑框架包括三个方面:一是多元协同共治的治理主体,包括内部治理主体和外部治理主体;二是数据流驱动下的治理客体,涉及课程建设、教学模式、学习方式、评价方式和校务管理;三是贯彻“循数”治理理念的治理机制,包括决策机制、执行机制和监督机制。在实践领域,当前已有部分学校开展了数据驱动的学校治理模式探索,虽取得了一定成效,但在数据平台、治理主体、运行机制、效果评估方面仍存在一些普遍性问题。未来应统筹建设区域教育大数据基础平台,加强培养学校治理主体的数据素养,建设学校治理安全运行机制,设计学校治理绩效评估体系,以此更好地推进数据驱动学校治理现代化的实践。

In the era of big data,as an effective governance tool,data has important value for accelerating the modernization of school governance.Data-driven school governance modernization is to see the potential problems of school development by tracking educational data which is generated by the education subject and education business,and finally to modernize the school governance system as well as governance capabilities by changing governance paradigm with data and accurately formulating governance goals.At the theoretical level,the logical framework of data-driven school governance modernization includes three aspects:one is the governance body of multiple collaborative governance,including internal governance entities and external governance entities;the second is the governance object driven by data flow,which involves curriculum construction,teaching models,learning methods,evaluation methods and school affairs management;the third is the governance mechanism that implements the“data-based”governance concept,including decision-making mechanisms,execution mechanisms and supervision mechanisms.In the field of practice,some schools have already carried out the exploration of data-driven school governance model.Although certain results have been achieved,there are still some general problems in the data platform,governance body,operating mechanism and effect evaluation.In the future,it is necessary to coordinate the construction of a regional basic platform of education big data,strengthen the training of the data literacy of the school governance body,build a safety operation mechanism of school governance,and design a performance evaluation system of school governance to better promote the practice of data-driven school governance modernization.