培育贫困户脱贫内生动力的本土经验与路径——以杨浪村“三扶三转”为例

Local Experience and Action Path for Cultivating the Endogenous Power of Poor Households:Taking Yanglang Village as an Example

贫困户脱贫的内生动力是指通过自身努力来改变贫困现状、摆脱贫困状态的意愿与能力。这种内生动力主要来源于两方面,即以本能为主的非精神动力如生理、安全需要,以及以情感、理智、意志为主的精神动力。只有培育好脱贫内生动力,贫困户稳定脱贫和2020年后的返贫防治才有保障。因此,以“扶懒转勤、扶勤转能、扶能转富”为核心要义的“三扶三转”,虽然面临人手不够、共识不足、监管不力、村干部付出精力过多、贫困户“返懒”行为时有发生等困境,但其激发贫困户脱贫内生动力的党建引领、机制创新、村规民约、产业发展经验,是典型的中国本土经验,值得在完善顶层设计、营造脱贫氛围、转变思想观念、提高自我发展能力的基础上,进一步优化并推广。

The endogenous motive force of poor households refers to the willingness,ability and action to change the poverty status quo and get rid of the poverty state through their own efforts.The endogenous motive force of poor households mainly comes from two aspects,namely,the non-spiritual motive force such as physiology,safety need,and the spiritual motive force of emotion,reason and will.Only by fostering good endogenous motivation can the sustainable development of poor households and the prevention and treatment of poverty after 2020 be guaranteed.Therefore,although"San Fu San Zhuan"of Yanglang Village is faced with such difficulties as shortage of manpower,lack of consensus,poor supervision,excessive efforts of village cadres,and the behavior of"returning to laziness"of poor households from time to time,the experience of Party building leading,mechanism innovation,village rules and industrial development,which stimulates the endogenous motivation of poor households,is a typical local experience in China,and is worth further optimizing and popularizing on the basis of further improving the toplevel design,creating an atmosphere for poverty eradication,changing ideas and improving the ability of self-development.