辽东湾夏秋季节浮游动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

Community structure of zooplankton and its relationship with environmental factors in summer and autumn in Liaodong Bay

为了探究辽东湾浮游动物群落的季节动态,在辽东湾设置8个站位,分别于夏、秋两季采集浮游动物样品,调查该海域浮游动物的种类组成、时空分布和物种多样性的变化,并结合水质参数,分析环境因子与群落结构的相关性.结果显示,夏、秋两季共鉴定浮游动物28种,其中夏季22种,秋季10种.夏季优势种分别为:强壮箭虫、中华哲水蚤、双毛纺锤水蚤、太平洋纺锤水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、糠虾、毛虾、无节幼体;秋季优势种为指状伪镖水蚤.夏季浮游动物密度范围为451~4991 ind/m^3,生物量范围为85.63~433.18 mg/m^3;秋季浮游动物密度范围为0~1110 ind/m^3,生物量范围为0~55.5 mg/m^3.夏季各站位浮游动物的香农-威纳指数(H′)的变化范围为1.69~2.92,均匀度指数(J′)的范围为0.46~0.77,丰富度指数(d)的范围为0.73~1.42;秋季各采样点浮游动物的H′的变化范围为0~1.97,J′的范围为0~0.92,d的范围为0~0.83.浮游动物丰富度、密度与环境因子间的相关性分析结果表明,影响浮游动物分布的主要环境因子为水温、盐度和溶解氧.

In order to explore the seasonal dynamics of zooplankton community in Liaodong Bay,eight stations were settled in Liaodong Bay,in which zooplankton was sampled in summer and autumn respectively.The community structure of zooplankton in Liaodong Bay,including species composition,temporal and spatial distribution,and species diversity,was studied.The relationships between environmental factors and community structure were analyzed combined with quality parameters.28 zooplankton species were identified in Liaodong Bay surveys totally.22 and 10 species were identified in summer and autumn respectively.The dominant species in summer included Sagitta crassa,Calanus sinicus,Acartia bifilosa,Acartia pacifica,Paracalanidae parvus,Mysidacea shimp and Acetes,and the dominant species in autumn was Pseudodiaptomus inopinus.In summer,the abundance ranged from 451 to 4991 ind/m^3,and the biomass ranged from 85.63 to 433.18 mg/m^3.In autumn,the abundance ranged from 0 to 1110 ind/m^3,and the biomass ranged from 0 to 55.5 mg/m^3.In summer,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 1.69 to 2.92,Pielou′s index ranged from 0.46 to 0.77,and Margalef′s index ranged from 0.73 to 1.42.In autumn,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 0 to 1.97,Pielou′s index ranged from 0 to 0.92,and Margalef′s index ranged from 0 to 0.83.The analysis on the relationships between abundance,density and environmental factors showed that the factors affecting the zooplankton distribution were mainly water temperature,salinity and dissolved oxygen.