合作产权保护与重组:职业教育校企合作机制创新

Cooperative Property Rights Protection and Restructuring:The Innovation of the Mechanisms for School-Enterprise Cooperation in Vocational Education

校企合作问题是长期制约我国职业教育发展的难题。产权理论认为,合作双方在产权安排中形成的激励是建设合作机制的关键。运用产权理论审视该问题,发现其产生的直接原因是校企之间互补性需求不匹配,主要根源在于合作产权保护不足导致校企合作缺乏有效的激励机制。就公办职业学校而言,校企合作机制建设应健全合作产权保护制度,通过授权、让权、用权和享权等方式对校企双方产权进行重组,形成“国家拥有所有权、校企共享使用权或管理权”的三元产权结构及校企合作共同体,最终培育出以合作产权保护为基础、以合作产权重组为重点、以产权激励为内核的具有自组织性的合作机制。

School-enterprise cooperation remains a difficult problem imposing long-term restrictions on the development of vocational education in China.According to the property rights theory,the key to the cooperative mechanism in school-enterprise cooperation is the inspiration from the arrangement of property rights.Under this theory,the immediate cause of the problem stems from the mismatching of the complementary needs between schools and enterprises,and this is rooted in lack of an efficient incentive mechanism resulting from the insufficient protection of cooperative property rights.To build a mechanism for school-enterprise cooperation,public vocational schools need to consummate the system for the protection of cooperative property rights.Specifically,the property rights of both the school and the enterprise need to be reorganized by means of authorizing,transferring,using and sharing the property rights;hence,a trisected property rights structure can be built,where the state enjoys the property rights,the school and the enterprise share the right of using or managing them;also,the community of school-enterprise cooperation can be established.Finally,a self-organized mechanism of school-enterprise cooperation will be developed,based on the protection of cooperative property rights,the restructuring of cooperative property rights,and the incentives from property rights.